环境价值论

【作者】 方巍；

【导师】 朱国宏；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 政治经济学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 环境问题是当今人类面临的全球性问题。对环境问题的成因及其解决方法的探讨可以有不同的研究视角，但核心是确立和完善环境价值理论，即：从价值角度把握人与环境的相互关系，并以此为基点，为全面解决环境问题提供可靠的理论框架。 人与环境的关系在本质上是一种价值关系的反映，这种价值关系的嬗变与人类文明的进程紧密相联。因此，人类自身进化的历史，实际就是人与环境之价值关系不断发展的历史。正是基于对这一价值关系的不懈思考与探索，自古以来就引发了人们关于环境价值的一系列辩证思想。在哲学方面，东方有儒、道、释的智慧，西方有环境哲学的传统；在经济学方面，环境经济学则将古典经济学的理论运用于环境和资源价值评估，形成了重要的研究成果。 本文力图站在相关学科的交叉点上，综合哲学、经济学的理论和方法，以马在思主义经典下论为指导，以西方价值理论的合理内核为借鉴，以确立人与环境的新型关系、促进经济社会可持续发展为目标，对环境价值问题进行系统的审视。 在环境价值的本体论上，试图丰富环境价值的理论研究内涵。通过对传统价值论的回顾梳理，结合哲学思辨，着力廓清环境价值这一概念的经济学本质，提出并论证了环境价值是自然价值与劳动价值、资源价值与生态价值的叠加，环境价值的形成是自然再生产与社会再生产相结合的过程，体现的是人与环境相统一的辩证关系。 在环境价值的互动论上，试图构建一个环境保护与污染的互动框架。分别分析了环境保护所形成的正价值与环境污染所形成的负价值，探讨了正、负价值的耦合模型，并对环境价值的代际转移和贴现率进行了相关研究。 在环境价值的核算论上，试图设计基于价值分析的环境核算框架。主要辨析了环境与国民经济核算的关系，对国内外环境核算进行了比较与借鉴，在此基础上，对改进环境核算方法从而将其更好地纳入国民经济核算体系提出了自己的见解。在这方面，本文期待着能在理论上进一步深究，在方法上进一步拓展，以利实际操作。 论文还结合中国环境污染与环境保护的实际，从环境再生产的角度，以劳动、资本和外部性三个方面为重点，探讨了促进环境价值持续增长的实现途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental problem is a global problem in face of mankind nowadays. When it comes to the origin of Environmental problems and how to solve it, there may be different research perspectives. However the principal objective is to confirm and perfect environmental value theory, which present analysis of relation between mankind and environment in perspective of values. On that basis, a reliable theoretical analysis framework for totally solving environmental problem is proposed.Relation between mankind and environment is in fact one of value relations, which changes with the development of human culture. The history of human evolution is essentially the developmental history of value relation between mankind and environment. Ever since civilization, based on continually exploring value relations, a series of dialectical theories about environmental value have been put forward. As far as philosophy is concerned, there are not only Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in the Orient but philosophical tradition of environment in the Occident. As far as economics is concerned, theories of classical economics have been applied by environmental economics to evaluate environment and natural resources. Also, many important research findings have been achieved in this field.Linking to cross branches of disciplines such as philosophy and economics, the thesis used reasonable content of western value theory under the guidance of Marxism. The analysis aims to set up new relation between mankind and environment, to advance sustainable development of economic society and to make systemic sense of environmental value. From the perspective of ontology of environmental value, the paper is trying to enrich current research content. Tracing back to traditional value theories as well as philosophical ones, my work is to clarify the concept of environmental value as economic nature. It is presented and demonstrated that environmental value is integrated by both natural value and labor value, both resource value and ecological value. Formation of environmental value is a process combining natural and socialreproduction, which reflects united dialectical relation between mankind and environment.From the perspective of interaction theory of environmental value, the paper is trying to build an interaction framework to analyze environmental protection and pollution. Environmental protection may bring about positive value while environmental pollution may cause negative value Positive and negative value coupled model will be discussed here. At the same time, environmental value transferring between generations and discount rate are to be studied. From the perspective of accounting theory of environmental value, the paper is trying to design an environmental accounting framework. Relations between environment and accounting system of national economy will be differentiated and analyzed. Comparing our environmental accounting theories and practices with foreign countries’, my own method on how to adapt to accounting system of national economy is put forward. In this aspect, this paper expects innovation both in theories and methods, which will benefit our practice. In addition, the paper probes into the reality of Chinese environmental pollution and protection. From view of environmental reproduction, discussion is divided into three parts, namely, labor, capital and externality. Beyond that, how to realize the sustainable development of environmental value is also systematically discussed.更多还原