【作者】 卢峰；

【导师】 朱昌廉；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 建筑作为人类在自然界生存和定居的主要手段，与特定的地点和环境有不可分割的联系；地域性作为建筑的基本属性之一，是人类聚落与建筑形态在漫长的发展演变过程中与当时当地自然及社会人文因素相互作用的结果，因此具有时间、空间的限定和不断发展、自我更新的特征。在全球经济一体化和信息交流日益频繁的今天，建筑的地域性作为保持文化多样性的一个重要途径，已受到世界各国的广泛关注，成为当前建筑学界深入研究的方向之一。 巴渝文化由于其所处的特殊自然地理环境和悠久的发展历史，具有鲜明的地域人文个性。在当前重庆直辖、三峡库区建设、西部大开发等国家发展战略的推动下，巴渝文化的本土意识及地域特征逐渐得到重视和发掘。重庆地区的建筑创作作为地域文化创新的重要途径之一，随着区域内的经济发展和城市化进程的加快，其地位日益提高；在新的时代背景下建构具有鲜明地域特征的建筑创作体系，具有现实的针对性与迫切性。论文从微观—个体建筑、中观—建筑群、宏观—城市整体三个层面对本课题进行了分析研究。 论文首先界定了重庆地区的文化地域概念，对重庆地区地域性建筑创作的意义、目的、主要课题及研究现状进行了深入分析，提出了论文研究的结构框架，并对当前国内外地域性建筑创作的实践成果和发展历程作了简要回顾，然后对人文地理学和国内外地域性建筑创作理论的发展进行了评述，创新性地初步构建了地域性建筑创作的理论框架，提出了地域性建筑创作的设计理念和设计的策略。 其次，溯本探源，论文研究了重庆地区的自然地理特征及经济发展状况，提出当前重庆地区经济产业特征对城市及建筑发展的影响，在建筑界首次对巴渝文化的发展历程及其在不同历史时期的表现特征作了简要的归纳总结，认为本地区形成了开放、融合、多元的江城文化与封闭、独特、有个性的山地文化两大体系，对重庆地区传统建筑的地域性特征及其发展成就作了追根溯源的剖析，分析了滨江及山地聚落形态与街道空间特征和适应地形与气候的建筑内外空间组织及建造技术。 其三，论文对重庆地区建筑创作中自然环境特征所反映的地域性进行了研究。在影响传统巴渝地域建筑发展的诸多因素中，地形与气候既是起决定性作用的两个基本自然要素，也是促成建筑地域特征形成的主要外在动因。现代科技发展所带来的强大技术支持，改变了建筑适应环境的方式，使建筑成为脱离具体环境背景的纯粹的功能容器，割裂了建筑与场地之间的天然联系。论文以建筑对自然环境的协调适应理论为研究基础，结合现代建筑的创作环境与条件，根据现代建筑重庆大学博士学位论文规模大、层数高、技术进步、建设量集中等特点，在总体、个体局部和建筑细节上系统地阐述了重庆地区建筑创作过程中对地形、气候两种主要自然属性的适应方式和相应技术手段，并因此构筑了重庆地区建筑适应环境的创作原则和方法体系，特别是创新性地提出了山地地形与机动交通、人行交通及建筑空间的整合方式，还原地形、气候等自然稳定因素对建筑地域特征形成的影响作用。 其四，论文对重庆地区建筑创作中社会人文属性所反映的地域性进行了研究。城市文脉和建筑造型风格既是展现城市发展历程、体现不同时期社会人文风貌的两个重要参照因素，又是延续城市地域特色并使之适应新时期发展需求的主要创新途径;从本质上讲，单体建筑的个性发挥并不能完全代表某一地域建筑创作的共性，只有将建筑的表现风格与群体的组合方式及不同时期的社会人文追求结合起来，才能充分体现建筑的场所特征和时代精神。街道空间作为山地城市的主要构成肌理和公共空间形式，成为研究重庆地区地域性创作的主要切入点和创新点:而巴渝城市中不同时期的旧建筑，作为城市的文化地标，也承载着沟通历史与未来的作用，需要在今后的城市发展过程中加以保护与协调;当前重庆地区建筑创作的风格特征，在全球化与现代化的发展背景下，呈现出多元化与个性化的趋势，论文探索性地分析了当前重庆地区建筑创作的时代特征以及建筑创作风格的主要倾向和手法特征。 其五，为了达到建筑与环境的整体和谐与共生，论文对重庆地区整体城市景观的塑造进行了研究与分析。巴渝城市与建筑在长期发展过程中与其所处环境建立起来的密切联系，既是重庆地区建筑地域性特征的整体体现，也是今后重庆地区建筑创作和城市发展的基本出发点。在当今可持续发展思想的指导下，无论是城市整体或是局部的发展，都必须考虑对自然生态、社会生态、经济生态的综合影响，而在建筑创作领域中各学科的相互融合，也是解决日渐复杂的城市与建筑发展问题的必经之路。论文针对重庆地区城市发展特点和基本资源情况，从建筑、生态、经济、社会等角度，分析了当前重庆地区城市景观的特征与存在问题，创新性地提出了山、水、城共生的巴渝城市景观特色塑造策略。 最后，论文作了总结性的论述，对今后的地域性建筑创作进行展望，提出应以实事求是的研究态度和因地制宜的工作方针去解决当前重庆地区建筑创作过程中所面临的新问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a dominating means of human being surviving and settling in the nature, architecture has integrated relations with specific places and the context. Regionally is one of the fundamental properties of architecture, and it is the result of the mutual effect of the human settlements and architectural forms with the nature and social and human factors there and then in the lengthy processes of development and evolution. Therefore, it features the limit of time and space as well as continuous progress and self-renewal. With the globalization of the economy and frequent information exchanges, regionality of architecture, as one of the key accesses to maintain the culture diversity, has become an international concern and one of the research areas that the architectural field is striving for further study.Bayu Culture, with its peculiar natural and geographical environment and centuries-old history, has obtained outstanding regional and human features. Promoted by national development strategies including Chongqing being directly under the jurisdiction of the central government, the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and Great Development of the West, the native awareness and regional characteristics of Bayu Culture have been recognized and revealed gradually. As one of the most important ways of innovation of the regional culture, architectural practice in Bayu Region has a higher status increasingly as the speeding progress of economic development and urbanization in the area. It is of great pertinence and impendence to establish architectural creation system with clear regional features at the new epoch. The thesis discusses and analyzes the topic from three layers: microscopic layer (individual buildings), medium scaled layer (building complex), and macroscopic layer (the city).The thesis first defines the concept of the cultural regionality of Chongqing area, and carries out thorough analyses to the significance, objectives, principal subjects and current research achievements in the creation of the regional architecture in Chongqing area. Then it puts forward the frame of the research and makes a brief study to the achievement and history of regional architecture in China and foreign countries. Furthermore, it reviews the human geography and theories of regional architectural design, establishes the theoretical frame of regional architectural design, and presents the design concepts and strategies for regional architectural design.Secondly, the thesis studies the features of the natural geography and the economic development situation in Chongqing area, and puts forward the influences of the regional industrious features to urban evolution and architecture. The thesis is the first one to make a brief conclusion of the development and the characters of different historical periods in the circle of architecture. It believes that the region has formed two systems, one of which is the open, blending, and polynary culture of a waterfront city, and the other one is the closed, unique and characteristic culture of the mountainous area. The thesis also analyzes the regional characters and the historical achievement of the traditional architecture in Chongqing area, and studies the morphology of the settlements at the waterfronts and in mountainous area as well as the spatial organization and building technology that are suitable to the topography and climate.Thirdly, the thesis probes into the regionality reflected by the natural environment in the architectural creation of Chongqing area. Topography and climate are the two basic natural factors among many of those that exert influences on the evolution of the traditional regional architecture of Chongqing area. They are also the major external causes that have made the regional architectural features. The powerful technological support brought by the development of modern science and technology has changed the way that the buildings comply with their environments, and made them completely vessels of function that break away from the specific environ更多还原