【作者】 王涛；

【导师】 邓荣森；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 开发简易、高效的城市污水处理技术是加快我国城市污水处理设施发展速度的有效途径之一，但简易不等于简单粗糙，而是在时间、空间以及能量配置上高度优化的集成。课题在总结长期从事简易污水处理技术研究和生产实践经验的基础上，通过对多种连续流生物除磷脱氮工艺时空关系的分析，结合新的除磷脱氮理论，提出了新型单池分区简易污水处理工艺。单池的特点为：以循环流反应器为基本池型，池内的空间分区既相对独立又相互关联，形成多级循环流反应器的串联构型：利用循环流反应器特有的水力条件，实现了各区之间的全部水力自动回流；从空间顺序、进水方式及回流方式等方面涵盖了多种工艺的特点，是多种先进工艺的优点集成。 在构建的单池系统上，研究选择缺氧区进水分配比r、好氧区泥龄、好氧区水力停留时间三个易于操作和控制的参数，利用实际的低浓度城市污水对单池系统进行了性能优化试验，得出在低碳源条件下系统的最佳运行控制参数为：好氧区泥龄θ_C=10天，缺氧区进水分配比r=0.8，好氧区水力停留时间HRT=12h。对低碳源时的除磷脱氮，上述参数对实际工程具有指导意义。 研究发现基质浓度不同时，溶解氧对有机物降解速率的影响不明显，但经典Monod方程中最大比基质降解速率存在数量级差别。研究从能量代谢观点进行分析，认为经典Monod方程中的动力学参数应该为常数，但受代谢能量的限制，能量代谢成为代谢过程的控制性步骤，动力学参数在宏观上表现出不确定性。这一观点为优化系统参数和供氧能量配置提供了切入点。在此基础上，研究将活性污泥增殖基本方程引入代谢过程的能量守恒，建立了质量守恒与能量守恒之间的联系，提出了能量代谢动力学模型，并通过试验测得了相关参数，所建模型如下： 能量代谢动力学模型从微观领域建立了能量参数与系统参数之间的联系，应用能量代谢动力学方程可以根据实际进水水质对系统参数进行优化，从而优化处理过程及能量配置。因此，能量代谢动力学方程在理论上和实践上都具有重要的意义。 研究引入能量调控模型解释了能量成为限制性因素时对最大比基质降解速率的影响，并将能量调控模型引入系统物料平衡，在稳态条件下建立了相应的活性污泥系统模型，为优化设计提供了依据： 研究提出了测定能量调控模型中能量半饱和常数的方法，通过试验，在试验水重庆大学博士学位论文质条件下测得了能量调控模型相关的动力学参数，分别为:丸二0.160mol.比;Ks=340.0rn叭;q四二0.44r。 研究认为能量代谢动力学模型和能量调控模型是活性污泥系统整体优化的基础，意义重大。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is one of effective approaches to develop simple high-efficient municipal wastewater treatment techniques to accelerate development of municipal wastewater treatment Plants of China. But the simpleness isn’t equivalency with roughness, it is optimal integration of time space and energy configuration. Based on experience summarization of research and practice on simple wastewater treatment technique for a long time, by analysis of spatial relationship of several continuous removal phosphorus and denitrification process, combination with new theory on removal phosphorus and denitrification, a kind of new simple wastewater treatment technique called single-tank division is brought forward in paper. In single-tank, the cycle reactor is used for basic form of single-tank, the division of single-tank is not only independence but also relation each other, it is constructed into multilevel cycle reactors in series. It is achieved that all hydraulic return flow automatically in single-tank by hydraulic condition of cycle reactor. There were characteristics of several process on space sequence influent and return flow modality and so on in single-tank, and it is advantage integration of several process.Three parameters which was operated and controlled easily was selected in single-tank: influent ratio of anoxic area HRT. The optimal capability of single-tank was experimented by actual low- concentration municipal wastewater, the optimal control parameters for the single-tank are that equals to 10d, the influent ratio of anoxic area equals to 0.8, and HRT of aerobic area equals to 12h. For removal phosphorus and denitrification as low-concentration influent condition, these parameters have direction meaning for actual project.As different influent substrate concentration, influence of DO is not obvious for rate of substrate utilization, but there was a level discrepancy of maximum specific rate of substrate utilization in Monod equation. By the theory of energy metabolism to analysis, certainly, we realize that it is constant, but because of the energy limit of metabolism, energy metabolism become to limiting factor for metabolism process, so it is uncertain that kinetics parameter in Monod equation. The view offers an approach to optimize system parameter and energy configuration of aeration. On the basis of our research, the basic equation of activated sludge growth is brought into conversation of energy in metabolism, and the relationship is built between mass and energy, finally, it is constructed that energy metabolism kinetics equation. By experimentation, it is measuredthat parameters in equation. The equation constructed as follows:Relationship is built between parameters of energy and system in energy metabolism kinetics equation in micro-field. According to actual wastewater quality, by energy metabolism kinetics equation, it can be optimized that parameters of system, sequentially, it can be optimized that treatment process and energy configuration. So it is significant that energy metabolism kinetics equation on theory and practice.Energy adjustment model can be used to explain the influence of energy for maximum specific rate of substrate utilization as energy become to limiting factor. It was built that relevant activated sludge system model by brought energy adjustment model into conservation of mass of system under stability condition in paper. The model can be used to optimize design. The activated sludge system model as follows:It is offered that testing method on saturation energy constant of energy adjustment model in this paper, and the parameters was gained by experimentation under actual wastewater quality condition, the parameters as follow:We consider that it is basis that energy metabolism kinetics equation and energy adjustment model to optimize whole activate sludge system, and it is significant.更多还原