节点文献
核子形状因子的微观理论探讨与分析
The Microscopic Investigation of Nuclear Form Factors
【作者】 王宏民;
【导师】 张本爱;
【作者基本信息】 中国工程物理研究院 , 粒子物理与原子核物理, 2004, 博士
【摘要】 核子的电磁形状因子可以为了解核子内部结构提供重要要的信息,并可以帮助理解强相互作用,因此研究这一课题的意义是十分明显的。目前杰斐逊等实验室测量出了一些新的实验结果,传统的相对论组分夸克模型在解释质子的两种电磁形状因子之比GEp/GMp及F2P/F1P时是比较成功的,但是在解释中子的形状因子GEn及比值GEn/GMn时与实验测量值相差较大,有必要对理论模型进行进一步改进。为此,在前人工作基础上,本文在以光前QCD作为基本理论框架下对上述模型进行了有针对性的计算考察研究与讨论。推导了有关公式,自编软件,完成相关的若干数值计算。主要有新意的工作包括: 1.考察SU(6)破缺效应,引入破缺项的贡献,即把核子波函数由单一的对称波函数变为式中2-5项为破缺项。本文以数值计算为基础对破缺项的贡献进行了计算研究,并且通过优化步骤得出了一组新的混合比系数,考虑破缺效应后就可以较好解释实验现象。 2.考虑到核子内可能存在夸克对聚集,应用夸克配对模型进行处理。这一模型认为核子内存在夸克对的聚集,在以前的文献中通常把核子中的三个夸克看成是等价的,当核子内存在夸克对聚集时核子波函数取为如下形式这样就出现了三个不同的径向函数φ1,φ2,φ3。从本质上讲这也是一种对称破缺,但这种破缺有独自的意义,它主要涉及SU(6)破缺效应波函数中的第一项,在存在夸克聚集这一观点上对该项进行了变形。通过计算表明数值结果同实验的符合有一定的改善。 以上两种效应的处理方法是对组分夸克模型沿平行的表术方式下进行的改进,虽然都可在一定程度上解释实验现象,但都存在参数选取的问题,尤其第二种方法,我们只是作了试探性研究,究竟那种方法是更合适更具有客观合理性需要进一步研究摘要判断。 3.作为第三部分内容,本文还探讨了形状因子的其它影响因素。第一个问题,考虑夸克有结构情形。此课题很不成熟,本工作只做了初步的探讨。过去通常把核子内的夸克看成点粒子,即厂“(Q,)==刀(QZ)一1,k、一0.当把夸克看成有结构的,即夸克存在不恒为一的结构函数,并且反常磁矩不再为零,这样便引入了两个新参数一夸克的反常磁矩,在正常合理的参数下计算结果与实验的符合表明有所改进,不过参数的合适选择看来仍起关键作用。第二个问题,讨论了有关核子结构函数实验信息的利用及核环境对形状因子的影响问题,通过研究核子的结构函数和形状因子的联系,以夸克一强子二元性为理论基础,建立了核子的结构函数与形状因子之间的理论关系。实际上依赖于Q,的弹性形状因子反映价夸克的结构函数在x分1时的行为,反过来,由结构函数实验分析的系统学表示式亦可作出对形状因子的估算。总之核子的深度非弹性散射结构函数与弹性电磁形状因子共同为核子的夸克亚结构提供了基本的参数化信息。本文最后部分介绍了上述问题的初步研究和计算结果,还从结构函数系统学信息出发,探索研究了核环境对形状因子的影响,亦给出估算的初步结果。
【Abstract】 The elastic nucleon form factors contain important pieces of information on the internal structure of nucleon and constitute key ingredients to understand the strong interaction. The traditional Relativistic Constituent Quark (RCQ) model appears to be successful in explaining the form factors for the proton, however the calculation results for the neutron have larger difference from the experimental data. So we intent to improve the model through two aspects.First, the effects of SU(6) breaking is investigated . We take the nuclear wave function as followswhere the terms from second to fifth belong to the breaking terms. We have preformed the computation under this wave function. It is shown that the numerical results get better close to experiments. However the fitting of these results to experiments depends on the choice of parameters.Second, the nucleon electromagnetic form factors are also investigated by means of a simple diquark-quark model using the light-front formalism. In this model, baryon is described as a bound state of one quark and one clustering diquark. The calculation results are presented and appear to be improved in the fitting to the experimental ones.The above two methods undergo in parallel for improving the Constituent Quark Model. Although they can interpret the experiment phenomenon in some degree, the further profound studying is required to decide which one the best is.In the final part of this paper, we deal with other facts of nucleon form factors. First, the electromagnetic structure of light front constituent quarks is considered. We find that the calculation results have a good agreement with the new experimental data of GEn and GEn/GMn after considering the contribution of the quark structure term. But this treatment introduces two new parameters ku and kd, and the values of the anomalous magnetic moment need further studying. Second, we discuss the relation between structure functions and form factors in terms of quark-hadron duality. The nucleon’s deep-inelasticstructure functions and electromagnetic form factors parameterize fundamental information about its quark substructure. Each of them reflects dynamical behavior of quark wave functions describing the same physical feature, though in different kinematic regions. Some results in the above investigations are given and analysed.
【Key words】 form factor; Consist Quark Model; light front coordinates; SU(6)breaking; local duality;