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N维广义拟实数进制小波&小波矩理论及其应用

The Theories of N-D Generalized Quasi-real Wavelets & Wavelet Moments and Their Applications

【作者】 崔丽

【导师】 周蕴时;

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 , 计算数学, 2004, 博士

【摘要】 小波分析(多尺度分析)被认为是Fourier分析在二十世纪最重要的发展,也是数学研究史上的重要发现之一,它的理论和应用成为众多学科关注的热点。本文在小波分析的理论和应用两方面做了一些探索。 在理论上,我们打破了经典多尺度分析上下层空间的刚性限制和二进制限制,将其推广到n维广义拟实数进制多尺度分析,增加了构造小波的自由度。文中给出了它的定义,计算和构造方法。在二维物体表达中,改进了已有的二维小波矩描述子,提出了一种新型的分形指数描述子。同时首次在三维空间中将小波理论与矩不变量理论相结合,给出了三维小波矩的定义和性质。在应用上,我们将广义小波理论应用到了数字人切片数据的去噪处理,将二维小波矩应用到人体步态识别,将三维小波矩应用到三维物体的表示和识别。与以往的处理方法相比,这些方法均得到了比较好的效果。 本文的主要工作和创新之处归纳如下: 1.推广一维二进制广义多尺度分析到n维拟实数进制,给出n维广义正交和双正交拟实数进制多尺度分析的定义和相关定理,并证明了在此理论框架下,广义的Mallat算法仍然成立。 限于篇幅,这里以正交情形为例,给出其定义和相关定理。 定义1n维广义正交拟实数进制多尺度分析是由L2(Rn)中的一列逼近空间{Vj}j∈Z组成。它们满足以下条件:1.吟c铸+,,,任Z‘。.对任意的巧都存在一个函数{竹(x),二〔 灿,)}、。Z。构成巧的标准正交基,其中a,, 7rt:任N,我们称竹(x)为巧的尺度函数。 定理1设{a梦/,,,(a,二一丸‘)}、。二‘构成巧二乞}。vj使得{叮/,、;(a:二-乙,>O任尺且勺乙:一l/妈a:一l=的标准正交基,有双尺度方程竹一1(a,一lx)=/与、”/2尸,,,,、,1、惊丁少乙“又甲:、u:‘一凡U:),、;z J‘左〔Z,1其中a;,乙:>O任R且aj与一1/勿勺一1=妈〔N贝,l{鸟二1巧一l(a,一lx一k乙;一1)}、。:7泛构成巧一,的标准正交基的充要条件是: 艺I价(、+2:二/了n,)l’=了了‘了a·已其中E,‘={(tl,tZ,…,t,:):0三t、三。,一l,t,:N},Itj(。)=艺,:二exp(一:人、)。 丸〔Z’‘ 定理2设函数空间{巧},。z是n维广义正交拟实数进制多尺度分析,其中笋;(;r)是巧的尺度函数,且满足双尺度方程子]),再要求尹:(劝任沪,(O)示为=1和艺}碟}<oG。假设说一,(aj一lx):巧,1兰、夕,心一1Ll,可以表k〔Z’1 、1,、/a币、月了‘,Ll广。JI心洲石吸U,1止I—侣—I J、J、, \以呀11 J‘”/2尸, Z“界,s竹气与x一凡勺儿上垫5圣77与一上无〔Zn艺瞬51<00,则玛一10巧一l=人任Z’‘巧,{理恤一‘(aj一,一。;一1)二““三一1}、。:”是哄一1的标准正交基的充要条件是且 月,J 、.卜 n艺G二(。+2‘二/。;,)G了(。+2:二/m,)一二梦占、,,o兰s,‘:了了,梦一1(3)其中以(国)一马(田),G呈(?)一、奚。或,·exp(一‘无?)· 由于n维广义拟实数进制多尺度分析中保持了相邻两层空间的两尺度关系,所以广义的Mallat算法仍然成立. 对实际信号f,日v,0 s.t.f任v,o.只需要考虑从v,0以后的相邻空间信号之间的关系。这里记雌一(j,叮/,螂俩二一、0j)),吐。一(f,心/,课(a,二一、。;))。}:面给出正交情形的Mallat算法。分解公式:雌一‘一艺川一幻n,弓 l〔Z,1碟二,一艺旅、,n,弓,‘三“三,“梦一‘重构公式:,”梦一l城一艺城一俪,弓一’+艺艺或一l。;‘、嵘‘s二]ICZ了飞 2.在护范数意义下,讨论了广义拟实数进制多尺度分析的求解和构造方法。提出了三种形式消失矩的概念和相应的等价定理.最佳广义M进制小波作为它的一种特殊形式,在数字人切片数据的去噪处理中发挥了优越性。 当滤波器有限和无限时,分别讨论正交和双正交情形下低频滤波器的求解。滤波器无限时,需要逐点求解一个二次方程.滤波器有限时,需要求解二次约束下的一个四次函数的最值.通过数值方法它们的求解是容易实现的。在数字人的切片数据的去噪处理中,由于数据具有很大的相关性,因此可以用少量的样本得出适合几乎所有数据的滤波器,它的计算复杂性不大。 1:维广义正交拟实数进制多尺度分析的构造方法如下:1).根据实际需要,在约束条件(2)式下,选择某种意义下最佳的伪(叫。2).然后,通过矩阵扩张方法得到满足(3)式的以(叫. 在n维广义正交拟实数进制小波分析的框架下,我们定义了3种形式的消失矩,即经典,三角和混合消失矩.限于篇幅,这里只列出三角消失矩的定义和等价定理. 定义2设在二维广义正交拟实数进制多尺度分析中,计亏一,空间的小波函数是{诚一’(二)、二。R“,l兰、‘7n梦一1}.若/5 in(

【Abstract】 Wavelets analysis (Multiresolution analysis) is regarded as the most important development of Fourier analysis in the 20th century. In the history of Mathematics, it is also one of the important discoveries. As a new research field, the theory and the application of the wavelets analysis attract more and more attention of many subjects. In this paper, we do some research in both aspects.In theory, we break the restriction of the ladder spaces and the restriction of 2-band in the the classical multiresolution analysis (MRA). We expand MRA to the n-d quasi-real generalized multiresolution analysis (Q-GMRA), which increases more freedom of wavelets. Under this theory frame, we study the definition, computation and construction algorithm. And in the 3 dimension space, we unite the wavelets analysis together with the moments theory for the first time, and give the definition and properties of 3-d wavelet moments. In application, we use the M-band GMRA (the special case of 2-d Q-GMRA GMRA) to reduce the noise of the huge image datasets of the digital human slices. We apply the improved algorithm of the 2-d wavelet moments to the gait description and recognition, and apply the 3-d wavelet moments to the representation and survey of 3-d objects.The major contributions of this paper are listed in the following:1. Extend 1-d 2-band GMRA to n-d Q-GMRA. We present the definitions and relative theorems of the n-d orthonormal and bi-orthogonal Q-GMRA. Moreover weprove that the generalized Mallat algorithm still holds on.For the length limit, here as an example we only list the definition and relative theorems of the orthonormal Q-GMR.A.Definition 1. An n-d orthonormal Q-GMRA consists of a sequence of successive approximation spaces {Vj}jzz in L2(Rn). They satisfy the following conditions:1. Vj Vj+i, ;eZ;2. for each Vj, there exists a function { j(x),x Rn} 6 Vj such that {a" Vj(ajx-kbj)}fcezn is an orthonormal basis for Vj, where aj,bj > 0 R and ajbj-14/bjaj-1 = mj N, and j(x) is called level scaling function of Vj.Theorem 2. Suppose {a’ (pj(ajX - kbj)}k zn ’s an orthonormal basis for Vj and the bi-scaling equation between the adjacent spaces isx - kbj) (1)where aj,bj > 0 R and ajbj-1/bjaji = mj N. Then kbj-1)}k Zn is an orthonormal basis for Vj-1 if and only if|Hj( + 2t /mj)|2 = mjn, a.e. (2)where Theorem 3. Given an n-d orthonormal Q-GMRA, j(x) is the level scalingfunction of Vj and the bi-scaling equation (1) holds. Suppose sj-1(aj-1x) Vj,1 s mjn - 1. It indicates is an orthonormal basis for Wj1, if and only ifj) = m"d’s/, 0 < s, / < m" - 1 (3)where G0j(u;) = Hj(u), Gi(w) = ffisexp(-iA;u;), 1 s mjn - L.2Since the Q-GMRA still remain the bi-scaling relation between the adjacent spaces, the generalized Mallat algorithm still holds on.Given a practial signal f L2(Rn), 3Vj0 s.t. / 6 Vj0. We only need to consider the relation between the adjacent spaces from Vj0. Later we note ckj = (f,ajn/2 (ajx - kbj)), dk,sj = (f,a (ojZ - kbj)}. Next we give the Mallat, algorithm in the orthonormal case. Decomposition algorithm isComposition algorithm is2. In the sense of the L2-norm, we discuss the computation algorithm and the construction method of the Q-GMRA. And we give three forms of definitions and relative equivalent theorems of vanishing moments. As a special case of the orthonormal Q-GMRA, the optimal 2-d m-band GMRA gets better processing results in the huge datasets of the digital human slices.For the computation of the orthonormal and bi-orthogonal Q-GMRA, we discuss it in detail for the low-pass filters finite or infinite. When the filters are infinite, the computing complexity is increasing as the linear to the numbers of the original signals. And in every level, it needs to solve a quadratic equation in the orthonormal Q-GMRA(or quartic equation in the bi-orthogonal case). When the filters are finite, it, needs to solve a maximum value question for a quartic fun

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 吉林大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2005年 01期
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