【作者】 范明；

【导师】 李友华；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 国际上主要发达国家，如英、美等国在 19 世纪实现了商业银行的股份化，长期以来，股份制银行已经居于世界商业银行体系的主体地位，并开始着重研究银行整体经营管理的问题，银行并购近年来成为国际银行界争相讨论的话题和发展趋势。中国的金融领域改革出现显著成效始于党的“十四大”，确立了市场经济体制的基本框架，从此，工、农、中、建四大国有商业银行顺利由专业银行向商业银行转变，实行银行的商业化改革。我国国有商业银行由于历史包袱沉重，经营观念淡薄，在外资银行和国内股份制商业银行越发激烈的竞争形势下，难以实现庞大机构的高速运转，经营效果不明显。《公司法》和《商业银行法》的颁布实施为国有商业银行的改革奠定了法律基础，可以通过借鉴国内外股份制银行的发展经验，结合国有商业银行的发展现状，探索其改革的途径与方法。论文以工、农、中、建四大国有独资商业银行的股份制改造与上市问题作为研究对象，采用总结归纳与具体分析、实证研究与规范分析、定性分析与定量分析相互结合，以及综合比较的研究方法，在对国有商业银行产权制度问题、商业化改革问题、股份制改造与上市争议等问题进行细致研究的基础上，提出了国有商业银行股份制改造过程中银行管理模式与股权方式创新的论点，以及银行上市方式偏好的诠释。论文的主要内容包括以下几个方面：1．改革开放以后的 20 多年时间里，我国形成了以中国人民银行和中国银行业监督管理委员会为领导，四大国有商业银行为主体，包括政策性金融机构、股份制商业银行、其他非银行金融机构等在内的多种金融机构并存并分工协作的“银行主导型”金融体系。四大国有商业银行的改革与发展是伴随着中国总体金融体制改革与发展而同步进行的，但国家是唯一的产权主体，至今尚未建立产权多元化的现代银行制度。2．中国加入 WTO 之后，外资银行和国内股份制商业银行对国有商业银行经营地位的威胁日益加大，银行改革势在必行。论文指出，股份制改造是国有商业银行改革的主流方式，并提出了股份制改造的短、中、长期目标。通过分析国有商业银行当前的发展特点以及其他行业企业的发展经验，提出了银行管理的创新模式——连锁经营管理模式，从而为国有商业银行在股份制改造过程中更好地整合管理环节、畅通管理渠道、优化管理方法提供实践操作建议。3．国外银行界并购重组之风盛行，投资主体多元化在促进银行规范经营、保护投资人和储户利益等方面具有积极作用。国有商业银行近年来采取的“债转股”、拓展表外业务等措施在一定程度上降低了银行传统的存贷业务收入比例，对银行资产质量和表外业务的创新能力同等关注。在国家多次降息及鼓励多元投资主体的政策倾向形势下，论文提出了国有商业银行股权方式的创新——存款股权制，一方面能够避开“巴塞尔协议”对发行债券的约束，另一方面则对国有商业银行资金实力的增强具有现实推动作用。4．国外银行通过上市扩大自身规模，增强资金实力已成普遍现象；国内股份制商 –I–<WP=15>东北农业大学管理学博士学位论文业银行通过上市拓宽资金来源渠道、树立银行形象……都为国有商业银行未来股改和上市提供了成功借鉴。论文强调，上市是国有商业银行股份制改造过程中的一个重要环节，而并非必要环节，上市是手段而并非目的，关键在于银行自身完善治理结构，改变所有者虚位的弊病，从而按照现代企业制度的要求对国有商业银行进行经营管理。5．上市银行应遵守资本市场的相关法规，并以上市企业的标准对公共指标进行披露。国有商业银行由于长期的“封闭式”管理，仅在贷款分类一项就存在标准不一的现象，因此今后应注重财务指标的规范化和标准化。论文主要列举了三个方面的公共指标：盈利能力指标、偿债能力指标和现金保障能力指标，并对常用业绩测度方法——盈利能力分析指标中的 RAROC 模型进行评价。6．国有银行进行股份制改造的方式和方法已成为国内业界争相讨论的焦点，论文针对股份制改造和上市的若干争议问题进行了综述，并提出了改制过程中产权制度改革的重要性和上市方案探索的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main developed countries in the world, such as Great Britain, America, etc. haverealized the establishment of a shareholding system of the commercial bank in the 19th century.For a long time, shareholding system has occupied main status in commercial banks system ofthe world. These foreign countries begin to study the problems of the whole management andadministration of the bank emphatically. Also, the bank merging becomes a topic anddeveloping trend in recent years. The obvious result appeared in the Chinese financial field reforms began in “the 14thNational Congress” of the party, establishing the basic frame of the market economic system.From then on, Chinese four state-owned commercial banks changed from the specializedbanks to the commercial banks smoothly, implementing the commercialization reform.Because the historical burdens are heavy and the managing ideas are faint in the state-ownedcommercial banks of our country, it is difficult to realize the operation at a high speed for ahuge organization, and the result of management is not obvious under the competitionsituation that the foreign banks and domestic shareholding commercial banks are developing.The issuing and implementing of company law and law for commercial bank has establishedthe foundation of legal system for reform of the state-owned commercial banks. This paper takes the for state-owned commercial banks’ shareholding reforms and IPO asthe research objects, employing methods of concluding, demonstrating, analyzing andcomparing to investigate the reasons. The following are the main contents of this paper. 1. During more than 20 years Chinese reforms, it is formed “Bank Leading Model” thatthe People’s Bank of China and Chinese Banking Supervising and Management Board as theleaders, the state-owned commercial banks as the subject, other non-bank financialorganizations coexist and help each other. The four state-owned commercial banks’ reform anddevelopment follow Chinese overall reform on banking system, but now we have not set upthe modern banking system of property right pluralism yet. 2. After China took part in the WTO, foreign banks and domestic shareholdingcommercial banks threat the state-owned commercial banks’ position day by day, so the bankreforms imperatively. This paper states that the shareholding system transformation is a way of<WP=17>mainstream of the reform of the state-owned commercial banks, and states the short, middle,long goals. In this paper, the writer puts forward to the innovative modes of the management—Chain Operation Management Mode. 3. Foreign banks’ merging and recombination are prevailing. The pluralism of investmentsubjects is good for promoting bank management, protecting depositors and investors. Thispaper states the innovation of the stock right mode—Deposit Stock Right System, which willevade the restraint of “Agreement of Basel” about debt issue, and strengthen the capabilities ofthe state-owned commercial banks. 4. It is common that foreign banks and domestic shareholding commercial banks expandstheir own scales through IPO, which offer the successful experiences for the state-ownedcommercial banks. IPO is an important link during the shareholding transformation system,but not an essential link. IPO is a way, not a purpose. It is the most important that bank shouldperfect the structure of managing. 5. The IPO bank should observe the relevant regulations on the capital market, andshould publish the public indexes on the standard of the IPO enterprises. This paper states theRAROC model and enumerates 3 public indexes: the profit ability index, the debt payingability index and the cash supportability index. 6. It is popular about which ways and methods of the shareholding transformation systemthe state-owned commercial banks should adopt. This paper sums up several disputes aboutshareholding transformation reform and IPO, and propose the importance of right systemreform更多还原