【作者】 彭环云；

【导师】 张可能；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 地质工程， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 灌浆工程施工质量的好坏对堤坝的防渗和稳定性有重大的影响，决定灌浆施工质量的关键在于灌浆过程参数是否达到了设计标准。灌浆过程参数的动态实时检测为按设计要求灌浆提供了最好的保障和监督。研究灌浆参数检测系统的目的是研制出功能完备、性能可靠的自动检测系统，确保灌浆施工质量。 作者通过理论与现场实践相结合的分析方法，对现有灌浆自动记录仪存在的问题进行了探讨，包括流量和水灰比的正确检测、微型打印机的寿命、现场灌浆原始资料的整理等，并在此基础上设计了全新的灌浆自动记录仪。研究得到了如下结论： 1 提出了大循环灌浆方案，很好地解决了循环式灌浆的流量检测问题。为了正确地记录进浆量，适应只有一个进浆流量计的灌浆记录仪的设计，避免返浆浆液流回浆桶后流量计重复计量的问题而采用的小循环灌浆法，由于浆液只能在闭合的管道中循环，导致浆液温度偏高，流变特性变坏，浆液质量变差，将会影响结石强度。同时，在孔内不吃浆或衡压屏浆阶段，由于孔内吃水不吃浆，变浓的浆液又不能和浆桶内的新浆混合，会导致浆液迅速回浓、比重变大、极易在灌浆孔内沉淀造成埋钻事故。作者认为不妥，应修改灌浆记录仪设计方案，即在灌浆管路上设置两个流量计，即进浆管与返浆管上各安装一个流量计，实际进入灌浆孔的流量即为：Q_实际=Q_进浆管-Q_返浆管。记录仪的硬件和控制程序也作了相应的修改。试验表明，修改后的记录仪很好地解决了循环式灌浆的流量检测问题。 2 查清了灌浆施工现场对电磁流量计的干扰的来源和途径，提出了有效的抑制干扰的措施。灌浆施工现场对电磁流量计的干扰，主要有三种类型：(1)灌浆压力的脉动。(2)由于进、返浆二个电磁流量计共用同一个CPU的二个模拟输入通道而造成的相互干扰。(3)现场强电设备如电动机、配电箱等造成的干扰。针对上述干扰，分别采取了如下措施进行抑制：(1)查清进、返浆量在灌浆压力调节不同的作用时间内的变化规律，编写相应的程序进行修正；(2)采用隔离技术，进、返浆流量传感器输出的4-20mA的电流信号分别通过各自的隔离器输入接口电路，经I/V转换器转换成1-5V的直流电压，再经低通滤波器去掉干扰信号后，输往单片机的A/D口，有效地减少了相互之间的干扰。(3)电磁流量计尽量远离电动机、配电箱类的铁磁性物质。两流量计之间应保持一定的距离，以避免相互间的电磁干扰。流量计确保满管，每次停灌后，应确保两测量电极干净‘传感器保证良好的接地。 3将压力传感器与油水隔离器配套使用，可以有效地避免浆液直接接触压力传感器膜片而造成压力传感器腐蚀破坏。 4采用核子密度仪检测水灰比，具有非接触在线测量、测量结果不受浆液的流速，压力、温度、粘稠腐蚀等因素的影响、测量精度和灵敏度高(一般为O，0 039/c矿)、测量范围宽(浆液密度1一59/。m3，水灰比Q一50)等优点，很适合工程施工现场使用。在灌浆工程领域，将核子密度仪用于水灰比的检测还属首创。 5首次设计了专用于灌浆工程的热敏行式打印机，采用先进的热敏行式打印头，具有使用寿命长、免维护的突出优点，非常适合灰尘多、潮湿或高温、强电干扰大，作业环境恶劣的岩土工程施工现场。丁6设计了数据转存器，极大地减轻了灌浆工程内业整理工作的强度，灌浆时，，数据转存器可在线自动保存原始灌浆数据;灌浆完毕后，可通过标准串行接口将原始数据资料自动输入计算机中，并通过灌浆资料管理软件对数据作进一步处理，最终得到规范所需要的各种图、表，极大地减轻了灌浆工程内业整理工作的强度，在同类灌浆测控系统中属首创。 7LJ灌浆测控系统能同时在线动态检测压力、流量和水灰比这三个参数，为国内同类产品中首创。更多还原

【Abstract】 The quality of grouting engineering has urgent influence on the permeability and stability of dam, which is determined by the parameters applied in the grouting procedure. Real-time test of grouting parameters is the best way for quality control. The goal of the research is to study a set of auto-monitoring and recording system with excellent quality and multi-functions.The author has studied the problems existed in the popular-used grouting auto-recorder including the accurate testing of flow and water/cement ratio, the life span of micro-printer and in-situ grouting data arrangement as well. Based on the results, a set of new grouting auto recorder was designed and produced, after theoretical analysis and field test, the author made the following conclusions:1. Present the macro cycle grouting plan, resolve the flow testing problem of the cycle grouting. Because the past auto-recorder has only one flow-meter, constructers has to grout with the so called Minor Cycle Grouting Method (MCGM), which has huge influence on the grout properties and strength of the coagulum, sometimes even results in drilling accident. The author presented a new design of grout auto-recorder, which can test the flow of cycle grouting, i.e. mounting flow-meters on both input-pipe and output-pipe. The real flow into the grout hole equals: QR = QIN - Qour2. The source and channels of interference on the electro-magnetic flow-meter in field were founded, and methods of interference-control were presented. There are three kinds of interference on the electro-magnetic flow-meter in field, i.e. (1) the wave of grouting pressure and (2) interference between entering and returning flow-meters because their signals go into the main board through two analogue ports of the same CPU, and (3) interference caused by powerful equipments such as motors and distribution box. Based on the theoretical analysis and field test, the following experiences of interference-control were obtained, i.e. (1) write programs to modify the interference based on the changing rules of entering and returning flow during adjusting the grout pressure,vand (2) using isolation method to transfer signals between entering or returning electro-magnetic flow-meters and CPU, and (3) mounting flow-meters faraway from motors and distribution box, keeping space between two entering and returning flow-meters, and (4) Flow-meters should be full-filled with grout when grouting. Electrodes should keep clear after stopping grouting each time, and (5) ensure good earth connection of the flow-meters.3. The pressure transistor should be used together with the oil-water isolator, which can avoid corroding because of direct contact of the film with grout.4. Apply the nucleus density transistor to test water-cement ratio for the first time. This kind of transistor has many advantages such as real-time test without contact, high accurate and sensitivity (commonly 0.003g/cm3) and broad test range etc., which is suitable for engineering construction field.5. Design a thermal line printer for grouting engineering, which has advanced thermal printer head, long life span and light maintenance. The printer is suitable for engineering construction field with heavy dust, high moist or temperature.6. Design data memory which can simplify the data processing procedure obviously. The data memory designed for the autoreeorder can hold on-line initial grouting data automatically and put data into computer through a normal serial interface. Data in the computer can be processed by the special grouting management software and be transferred into varies of figures and tables set by standards. The design is the first one in the field of grout auto-recorder7. The LJ-Grout Auto Recorder System is the first product in similar products in China which can test real-time pressure, flow and water-cement ratio of the grout.更多还原