【作者】 吴晓军；

【导师】 廖进球；

【作者基本信息】 江西财经大学 ， 产业经济学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 随着生产力的发展，人类的生产方式不断更替，在世界经济舞台上不断演绎着一幕幕由贫转富，或由富变贫的故事：有些国家(地区)迅速抓住生产方式转变的历史机遇，乘势而上，快速发展，或牢牢占领世界领先地位，或由欠发达国家(地区)跨越发展成发达国家(地区)；有些国家(地区)面对稍纵即逝的生产方式转变的机遇，抱残守缺，故步自封，结果一步步走向落后和贫困。当今世界，经济全球化、区域经济一体化、知识经济这三股潮流主宰着世界经济发展的方向和速度，在这样的背景下，以空间集聚性、柔性专业化、网络化、植根性为主要特征的产业集群正逐步演变成一种推进经济发展的新兴而有效的空间组织形式，成为区域参与全球竞争的重要力量，使当今世界经济版图成为一幅由大量产业集群组成的丰富多彩的“经济马赛克”。面对机遇与挑战，欠发达地区在加速推进工业化进程中，科学而理性的选择就是溶入这种生产方式的转变过程，以工业园区为载体实施适应时代要求的产业集群战略，从而持续提高区域竞争力，加快经济发展。论文从欠发达地区经济发展角度，对产业集群与工业化、产业集群与工业园区建设等方面进行全面分析与论证。 论文综合运用产业经济学、区域经济学、发展经济学、工业地理学、经济地理学、制度经济学、政府经济学、企业管理学等学科的有关理论，以国内外产业集群理论为主要理论基石，采用系统分析、比较分析、实证分析、归纳演绎、分类分析、定性与定量分析相结合、静态与动态分析相结合、理论与实践分析相结合、历史与逻辑相统一等方法，立足于加快欠发达地区经济发展，围绕产业集群和工业园区的发展演变规律、欠发达地区政府在推进产业集群和工业园区建设中的作用变化这两条主线索，对欠发达地区产业集群与工业园区建设进行了全面系统分析。论文首先站在欠发达地区经济发展角度对产业集群理论进行了全面梳理，并作了探索性创新，以此为理论基础，全面廓清产业集群和工业园区对欠发达地区经济发展的作用和意义，明确指出产业集群是欠发达地区加速工业化进程的重要途径，工业园区是欠发达地区实现产业集群的有效载体、加快工业化进程的理想模式：其次，全面详尽地分析了欠发达地区产业集群和工业园区的主要特征和演进的一般规律，阐明了遵循这一规律欠发达地区地方政府在推进产业集群和工业园区建设中的地位、作用及职能的变化；最后，为印证和丰富已得出的论断，论文以解剖麻雀的方式对江西工业园区建设进行了应用分析。总体结构安排，体现了从理论分析到实践应用、从抽象到具体的特点。 (一)以产业集群的竞争优势和动力机制为中心线索对产业集群理论作了系统梳理，以此作为论文的出发点和理论基石。当今世界产业集群在各地蜂拥而起，成为持续提高区域竞争力和加快区域发展的重要途径。然而，产业集群是生产力发展的产物，在生产力发展的不同阶段产业集群的主要特征也不尽相同，因而对产业集群理论的渊源和发展梳理出一条线索，便是产业集群的发展史。在对以新古典经济学为基础的产业集聚理论、以传统和现代经济地理学为基础的产业集聚理论、前苏联的地域生产综合体理论、新产业区理论、以新竞争理论为基础的产业集群理论等国外产业集群理论进行整理和归纳后，笔者得出了一条产业集群发展的红线:基于外部经济的产业集群~基于柔性专业化的产业集群一基于社会网络的产业集群一基于创新的产业集群一基于植根性的产业集群，从而构成了整篇论文研究的基本主线。具有空间集聚性、柔性专业化、社会网络化、植根性特征的产业集群之所以成为提高区域竞争力的有效途径，源于其具有成本优势、市场优势、创新优势和扩张优势等竞争优势，而这些竞争优势的获得，主要源于区域分工机制和区域协作机制。产业集群犹如生物群落有成长、繁盛、衰退过程一样，论文根据主导动力机制的不同，把产业集群发展过程依次分为企业集聚阶段、产业集聚阶段、结网阶段、植根阶段、技术发展极阶段等五个阶段，并对各个阶段的主要特征进行了全面具体分析，这是论文的一大创新之处。 (二)对产业集群与欠发达地区工业化、新型工业化的关系作了全面论述。十六大提出，我国必须走新型工业化道路。至于推进新型工业化的组织形式或具体途径，现有的区域经济理论提供了许多思路。而本论文则运用产业集群理论系统探讨欠发达地区新型工业化之路。笔者首先对欠发达地区的成因和特征作了系统全面分析，创造性地建立了对欠发达地区竞争力分析的指标体系和经济“八卦图”，即运用现代统计学的方法采集人均GDP、工业占GDP的比重、非国有投资的比重、城市化率、劳动生产率、人均固定资产投资、外贸依存度、科技人员的比重等八个指标对欠发达地区竞争力进行全面分析，揭示了欠发达地区的基本经济特征。在比较和借鉴世界若干工业化道路和发展模式基础上，将产业集群理论和欠发达地区基本经济特征有机结合，构建了“产业集群优势与欠发达地区弱势祸合模型”，并从增强企业竞争力、提升产业竞争优势、提高区域竞争力、促进农村工业化和城镇化进程等四个方面论述了产业集群对欠发达地更多还原

【Abstract】 With the advancement of productive forces, the modes of production of mankind have been replaced one after another in an uninterrupted manner. In international economic arena, stories on poverty to wealth or the other way round have been unceasingly put on stage. For the countries and regions which are quick to seize historic opportunities for the transformation of modes of production and to take the advantage of the favorable situations brought about by the opportunity, some have achieved rapid development, others have maintained a firm grip of the leading position in the world, while the rest like some less developed countries and regions have become developed ones by striding across certain development periods. For the countries and regions which cherish the outmoded and preserve the outworn or stand still and refuse to make progress in front of the fleeting opportunities for transformation of modes of production have all consequently witnessed gradual decline to backwardness and poverty. In today’s world, the direction and velocity of International economic developments are decided by three trends as economic globalization, regional economic integration and knowledge-based economy. Under this circumstance, the industrial cluster bearing major characteristics of space convergency, flexible specialization, networking and enbededness has gradually developed as emerging and effective space organizational method that pushes forward economic development and becomes an important regional force that takes part in the global competition, thus making the economic map of the world a rich and colorful" economic mosaic" constituted by a great number of industrial clusters. Facing with opportunities and challenges, when less developed regions plan to speed up the process of industrialization, the only scientific and rational choice for them is to integrate into the process of transformation of this mode of production. An industrial park as a carrier can serve to implement the strategy of industrial cluster, which conforms to the demands of times so as to further enhance its regional competitive power and to speed up its economic development as well. The thesis in view of the economic development of less developed regions has demonstrated in an all-round manner the analysis and argument on relations between industrial cluster and industrializations and between industrial cluster and industrial park construction.The thesis comprehensively applies relevant theories of industrial economics, regional economics, development economics, industrial geography, economic geography, system economics, governmental economics, enterprise management and etc.5Taking the theory on industrial clusters from home and abroad as its main theoretical foundation, it adopts the methods of systematic analysis, comparative analysis, actual case study, induction and deduction, classification analysis, combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, combination of static and dynamic situations, integration of theory with practice, and integration of history and logic and etc. Based on speeding up the economic development of less developed regions and focused on two major clues: the regular patterns of development and evolution of industrial cluster and industrial park, and the role changing of governments in less developed regions while pushing forward the construction of industrial cluster and industrial park, it has conducted a comprehensive and systematic analysis on industrial cluster and industrial park construction in less developed regions. First of all, the thesis with the economic development of less developed regions in mind has sorted out the theories on industrial cluster and has made explorative creation, on which as the theoretical foundation it has made clear the role and significance of industrial cluster and industrial park on the economic development of less developed regions, and has pointed out explicitly that industrial cluster is an important path for less developed regions to speed up their industrialization process an更多还原