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集成化物流研究

Research on the Integrated Logistics

【作者】 舒辉

【导师】 廖进球;

【作者基本信息】 江西财经大学 , 产业经济学, 2004, 博士

【摘要】 物流能力是物流企业核心竞争力之一,物流产业水平是国家综合国力的反映之一,所以,世界各国政府和企业都非常关注物流问题。我国国民经济的快速持续发展、西部大开发战略的实施和加入WTO,对我国物流产业提出了严峻的挑战。物流发展过程就是物流集成化程度不断提高的过程,社会化、专业化、集约化是现代物流发展的主要趋势。因此,本论文提出了“集成化物流”这个物流学的前沿问题,对其研究的落脚点包含有二方面的内涵:一是提供的物流服务是集成化的;二是提供物流服务的组织是集成化的,强调的是整合聚变,突出协同竞争。所以,本论文是针对当前物流产业发展现状所进行的一次系统性物流理念和管理方法模式的有益探索,它将为我国物流企业从事全球化的市场竞争提供一种新型的理念指导。一方面,可以为我国新兴的物流企业建立赶超机制,有助于实现超速成长;另一方面,可促使各类传统的运输、仓储企业的资源存量实现最大程度地优化重组。由此可见,本研究对指导整合我国现存的物流资源具有重大的理论价值和现实意义。本论文按导论--物流理论综述--集成化物流的理论基础--集成化物流的实践动因--集成化物流的运行机理--集成化物流的管理架构--推进中国集成化物流发展的战略思考的主线,对集成化物流这一主题展开了较为全面、深入的探讨。本论文首先从广义的角度归纳总结了当前物流理论研究的七大学说--成本中心学说、利润中心学说、服务中心学说、战略中心学说、效益背反学说、供应链管理学说和绿色物流学说等,同时,针对当前有关物流资源整合方面的研究成果,归纳总结出六个要点--第三方物流和第四方物流、物流要素集成化、物流合力的观点、基于核心竞争能力的物流企业资源整合、资源整合的模式、综合(整合)理论等。在此基础上提出了集成化物流的概念、基本特点,并对集成化物流的核心--集成化物流服务商应具备的能力要求进行了分析。为了探寻集成化物流形成的理论基础和实践动因,本论文运用系统理论、集成理论、协同学理论、供应链管理等理论,分析了集成化物流的内涵与机理,并从速度、效率、成本和服务等四个方面探讨了集成化物流的实践动因。首先,提出了新经济时代的速度法则,分析了新经济时代对高效物流服务的要求,并运用核心竞争力理论研究了具有核心竞争力的物流速度的内涵。其次,分析了经济全球化对企业的运作效率的要求,在此基础上提出了物流效率是新经济时代企业的利润源泉的理念。其三,提出了成本领先法则,探讨了物流成本对提高市场竞争力的影响,并从节约交易费用的角度,分析了集成化物流是一种节约交易成本的制度安排。最后,介绍了顾客服务的内涵及价值标准,分析了当前国际物流服务发展的四大趋势,并运用委托代理理论就集成化物流服务中的委托代理问题进行了分析。 本论文重点研究了集成化物流的运行机理和管理架构,主要包括集成化物流的基础、资源整合、运作模式、组织结构、管理模式、供应商管理和风险管理。首先,提出了集成化物流有效运作的三大基础;探讨了实施集成化物流的五大关键性要素;研究了集成化物流的运作模式。其次,提出了集成化物流最基本的主题依然是管理:探讨了集成化物流的三维组织结构模型及六种可能的组织结构形式;研究了集成化物流管理的一般模型和五种具体的管理模式。其三,对供应商的选择、评价、管理以及供应商的发展进行了探讨,并研究了集成化物流风险管理的目标、范围、控制方法和控制过程模型。 最后,本论文提出了推进中国集成化物流发展的战略思考,主要包括中国物流产业的现状和发展方向、政府的政策思考、行业协会的职能以及我国相关物流企业做大做强的努力方向。 本论文的主要学术观点可以概括为以下几方面: (l)集成化物流是整合现有物流资源的最佳方式之一,也是现代物流发展的高级模式。集成化物流的有效实施必须要有一个优秀的物流牵头者—集成化物流服务商进行组织领导,对内它必须能够承担起对整个集成化物流系统的计划、组织、指挥、协调与控制;对外必须能够与顾客建立起良好的、持久的合作关系,具有拓展业务领域的能力。作为集成化物流的牵头者,它可能是顶尖的管理咨询公司、或信息技术公司,也可能是大型的第三物流企业、或大型制造企业的物流机构、或大型连锁企业总部的配送中心等。但不论它是谁,作为集成化物流服务商必须是以智能型为主,必须具备有以下几方面的能力:①世界水平的供应链策略制定、业务流程再造、技术集成和人力资源管理能力;并具有良好的关系管理和组织能力,能够同时管理多个不同的物流服务供应商;②在集成供应链技术和外包能力方面处于领先地位,拥有跨服务领域的专业技能,包括整车运输、零担货运、多式联运、空运、海运和仓储等;③具有全球化的地域覆盖能力和支持能力,拥有与顾客供应链节点分布相适应的全球物流服务地域覆盖网络;④具有对组织变革问题的深刻理解和管理能力,能够借助具有创新性和战略思维的方法帮助顾客识别物流外包增值的机会;⑤拥有强

【Abstract】 Logistics ability is one of the core competences of a logistics enterprise. Level of logistics industry reflects a country’s comprehensive national power. Therefore, logistics is an important issue that all governments and enterprises in the world pay great attention to. Continuous and fast development of China’s national economy, the implementation of western exploitation strategy, and China’s access to WTO, bring about a severe challenge to China’s logistics industry. The development of Logistics is the increasing improvement of integrated logistics. Socialization, specialization, centralization is the main trend of modern logistics development. So, this paper puts forward the front logistics issue of "integrated logistics", which includes two aspects: firstly, the logistics service provided is integrative; secondly, the organization to provide logistics service is integrative, emphasizing integration fusion, highlighting coordination and competition. So, this paper conducts a meaningful exploration to logistics principles and management methods for the current logistics industry development, it will provide a kind of new principle instruction for our logistics enterprises that will be engaged in the market competition in the world. On the hand, it is beneficial to the establishment of the mechanism to catch up with advanced countries and to realize the high-speed growth for our newly logistics enterprise; On the other hand, it is beneficial to optimize reorganization of various traditional resources that are sunk resources in transportation and warehouse enterprises. Thus, this paper is of great theoretical and practical importance to the integration of our current logistics resources.Following the order of introduction-logistics theories overview-theoretical basis of integrated logistics-factual impetus of integrated logistics-operation mechanism of integrated logistics-management framework of integrated logistics-Strategic consideration on promoting the development of China’s integrated logistics, this paper conducts a thorough and all-round exploration on integrated logistics. First of all, the paper sums up seven types of current logistics theories in the broad sense, which are cost center theory, profits center theory, service center theory, strategy center theory, benefit adverse theory, supply chain theory and green logistics theory. At the same time, based on the research findings of integrated logistics, six important points are concluded, which are third party logistics and fourth party logistics, integration of logistics factors, view of logistics resultant force, resource integration of logistics enterprises based on the core competence, modes of resources integration, comprehensive (integration)theory. Then this paper puts forward the concept, basic characteristics of integrated logistics, and analyzes the ability demands for of logistics providers (the core of integration logistics).To explore theoretical foundation and factual impetus of the formation of integration logistics, this paper analyzes the connotation and mechanism of the logistics by applying the system theories, synergetics theory, integration theory and supply chain management, and probes into the factual impetus of integration logistics in terms of speed, efficiency, cost, and service. Firstly, it puts forward speed-rule of the new economic era, analyzes the demands for high-efficiency logistics service in the era, and studies the connotation of logistics speed that is of core competitiveness by making use of the core competitiveness theory. Secondly, this paper analyzes the demands of economic globalization for the operation efficiency of enterprises, on which basis the paper puts forward the principle that logistics efficiency is a profits headspring of enterprise in the new economic era. Thirdly, this paper brings forward the cost leading rule, discusses the influence of logistics cost on improving market competition ability, and draw the conclusion that integrated logistics is a system arrangement of saving transaction

【关键词】 集成化物流管理实践
【Key words】 integrationlogisticsmanagementpractice
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