【作者】 肖深根；

【导师】 周朴华； Ep Heuvelink；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 植物学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill．）是一种重要的世界性蔬菜作物，温室无限生长类型番茄的生长差不多可以持续一年。对于番茄植株，存在着营养生长库与生殖生长库相互竞争光合同化产物的矛盾。如何最大限度地提高光合同化产物向有利于果实生长发育的方向转移，减少营养生长冗余，使营养生长的同化物成本消耗达到最小，是获得温室番茄高效栽培生长的关键。 温室番茄高的产量产出常常需要高的能量投入。育苗是温室番茄生产的一个重要环节。由于番茄苗期生长期长，且育苗时期外界温度低，因此，降低苗期能量消耗，准确预测苗期生长，也是温室番茄高效栽培生长的一个重要方面。 随着世界范围内设施园艺的快速发展，园艺作物生长模型正变得日益重要。当前园艺作物生长模拟模型面临的主要问题是模型用于生产实际的有效性与可靠程度。如何将模型应用于生产实际，并在应用中进一步验证与完善模型是当前与今后一段较长时期内作物生长模拟模型研究的重点。 本研究通过自主设计的同步叶片修剪处理方法，即当植株叶片只有1-3cm长时，周期性地摘除番茄植株每个营养生长单位的第二片叶，下层老叶周期性地按照每次一个营养生长单位摘除，使得叶片的修剪与植株的发育保持同步。同时借助TOMSIM模型，采用减少植株内营养生长库强来模拟同步叶片修剪处理的方法，研究了温室番茄植株内干物质优化分配的规律与高效栽培生长的特性。并且利用植物生长分析，研究了不同基因型番茄株系苗期生长对降温处理的温度效应。在此基础上，建立了温室番茄苗期生长TOSSIM模型。研究中提出了（1）果实干物质平衡补偿点假设，即假设番茄植株内存在一个果实干物质平衡补偿点，只要因叶片修剪而引起的果实干物质减少低于因果实累积干物质分配率增加而增加的分配到果实的干物质，植株果实干重就不会因叶片修剪而降低；（2）基于植株内干物质优化分配的温室番茄高效栽培生长假说，即理论上假设，减少营养生长库强，一方面将降低LAI与作物生长率，从而导致单位面积植株总干重的降低；另一方面，将有利于干物质分配到生殖生长库器官，提高果实累积干物质分配率，从而补偿了因单位面积植株总干重降低而引起的果实干重的降低。增加植株密度将增加LAI，有利于补偿因叶片修剪而引起的总干物质降低，双重作用的结果是在获得相同果实干重的同时，减少作物营养生长冗余，从而可以节约水肥等生产资料；或者在相同营养生长条件下，提高单位面积果实干重，从而达到高效栽培的目的；与（3）干物质分配“阻抗”的概念与生物学意义，即定义f=SS_{营养生长单位}／SS_{单个果实（序）}为作物阻碍干物质分配到个体果实（序）的干物质分配阻抗。f值越小，干物质分配到果实的阻抗作用越小，形成果实高产的潜力越大；反之，f值越大，干物质分配到果实的阻抗作用越大，形成果实高产的潜力越小。研究获得了如下结论： （1）同步叶片修剪显著降低LAI与生长率，从而导致植株总干重的显著降低。肖深根湖南农业大学博上学位论文温室番茄十物质优化分配’J苗期生长模拟研究2004年6月增加植株密度，可以弥补因同步计卜片修剪造成的单位面积植株总干重的降低，尽管其单位植株的总干重显著地降低了。 （2）同步叶片修剪几乎没有减少植株果实干重，在增加植株密度条件下，将增加LAI与单位面积干物质的生产，从而导致单位面积植株果实干重的增加。这种增加是增加了单位面积果实数目的原因，其个体果实的干重反而降低了。 （3）各处理分配到番茄果实的累积干物质分配率随时间年天数增加均表现为一个饱和增加的曲线;叶则表现为一个饱和降低的曲线;茎的变化较小。试验结束时，植株内不同器官的累积干物质分配率为果实>叶>茎。同步叶修剪能显著提高植株内果实累积干物质分配率和降低植株内叶茎干物质比率。不同植株密度处理的植株内果实累积干物质分配率和植株内叶茎干物质比率并没有明显的差异。同步叶片修剪能显著地降低营养生长单位平均库强对个体果实平均库强的比率。增加植株果实座果数，能显著提高果实累计干物质分配率。干物质在果实中优先分配到果实接近成熟的中下部生长单元区，而在叶片中则优先分配到茎叶快速形成的顶上部生长单元区。 （4）同步叶片修剪降低LAI，降低的LAI能通过增加植株密度来补偿;同步叶片修剪影响个体叶片的扩展。同步叶片修剪对SLA没有显著影响，增加植株密度可以显著增加S以;每穗3果果穗修剪各处理的SLA比每穗6果果穗修剪处理的要低。 （5）同步叶片修剪与植株密度并不影响植株发育;对植株高度也没有显著影响。 （6）同步叶片修剪对植株内各器官的干物质含量没有显著影响，增加植株密度可显著地降低植株内果实、茎、叶与全株的干物质含量。不同处理植株内果实的平均干物质含量均表现为随时间年天数增加而降低的饱和曲线关系;茎表现为随时间年天数增加而升高的饱和曲线关系;叶则相对较稳定。越接近成熟的果实其干物质含量越低;越接近老熟的叶片其干物质含量越高;不同发育时期茎的干物质含量比较稳定。 （7）在 TOMS IM模型中，利用营养生长库强的减少来模拟同步叶片修剪处理是?更多还原

【Abstract】 Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ) is an important vegetable crop in the world. An indeterminate type of greenhouse tomato can grow around one year.There is a severe competition for assimilates between vegetative sinks and generative sinks in a tomato plant. It is of an importance for growth of greenhouse tomato with high benefit how to improve the distribution of dry matter to the fruits at the farthest, decrease the superfluous vegetative growth and minimize the expense of assimilates for vegetative growth.High output of yield of greenhouse tomato always requires high input of energy. Raising young plants is an important tache for the production of greenhouse tomato. It is also an important aspect for growth of greenhouse tomato with high benefit how to reduce the cost of energy and predict accurately growth of young plants, as long period and low air temperature outside during the growth of young plants.With the rapid development of horticultural establishment in the global world, horticultural crop growth models are becoming increasingly important. The main problem for horticultural crop growth models is the validity and reliability of their use in practice. At present even in a long future it is becoming an emphasis for study of crop growth models how to use, validate and perfect them in practice.Laws of optimal distribution of dry matter and characteristics of growth with high benefit in greenhouse tomato were studied by the way of synchronous leaf pruning(SLP) designed by the author of this thesis, and simulation of SLP by reduction of vegetative sinks in TOMSIM. Here SLP means that the second leaf of each vegetative unit in tomato plant is periodically removed when it is only l-3cm long, and low old leaves are also periodically removed one vegetative unit each time, Therefore leaf pruning always keeps synchronization with plant development. Effects of reduction of temperature on growth for youngplants of different genotype tomato lines were also studied by plant growth analysis. Based on that, a model on growth of young plants of greenhouse tomato, TOSSIM, was developed. The hypothesis of balance compensation point of fruit dry matter, that of growth of tomato in greenhouse growing with high benefit based on optimal distribution in tomato plant and the concept of impedance of dry matter distribution and its biological meaning were put forward in this study. The hypothesis of balance compensation point of fruit dry matter means that there is a balance compensation point of fruit dry matter in tomato plant, and fruit dry weight will not decrease with leaf pruning as long as increment of dry matter allocated to the fruits resulted from the increased cumulative fraction of dry matter allocated to the fruits is no less than reduction of fruit dry matter resulted from leaf pruning. The hypothesis of growth of tomato in greenhouse growing with high benefit based on optimal distribution in tomato plant is described as following: it is theoretically hypothesized that reduction of vegetative sink strength, on one hand, will reduce LAI and crop growth rate, therefore total plant dry weight per square meter; on the other hand, will favor distribution of dry matter to generative sinks and improve the cumulative fraction of dry matter partitioning to the fruits, therefore compensate reduction of fruit dry weight resulted from reduction of total plant dry weight per square meter. Increased plant density will increase LAI, and compensate reduction of total plant dry matter resulted from leaf pruning. The result of the double effects is either that the same fruit dry weight is reached while the superfluous vegetative growth is reduced, therefore productive materials such as water and fertilizer are saved; or that fruit dry weight per square meter is increased with the same vegetative growth, therefore growing with higher benefit is reached. The concept of impedance of dry matter distribution means that f= SSveg.unit/ SSfruit(truss) is defined as impedance which resists allocation of dry matter to the indivi更多还原