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基于SDSS的县域生态环境规划研究

【作者】 郑丽波

【导师】 俞立中;

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 , 自然地理学, 2004, 博士

【摘要】 区域生态环境规划在理论和方法论上尚处于探索和发展阶段,其理论体系还在建设和完善之中。目前普遍采用的污染总量控制规划主要是基于环境质量和环境容量评价。这种规划的理念一方面没有重视社会经济因素,具有局限性;另一方面主要从现状出发,没有充分考虑发展,不能很好的体现可持续性。此外,当前生态环境规划的一项重要内容是生态功能区划,如何利用区划进行规划是生态环境规划理论和方法上需要研究的一个难点。在实践研究中,县域是我国一个基本的行政区域,是国家方针政策的直接落实者。以县域为研究区域,做好县域生态环境规划,这对县域生态环境保护和可持续发展建设,乃至我国整体的可持续发展都十分必要,具有重要的战略意义和实际作用。 因此,论文针对区域生态环境规划理论和方法的发展现状,探讨了生态环境规划的一个重要理论基础,即区域环境承载力理论。这主要是出于两方面的考虑:一是区域环境承载力的研究对象是社会经济—生态环境的复合系统,不仅重视了社会经济因素,而且也能克服仅在现状基础上规划的缺陷,强调了可持续发展;二是区域环境承载力研究可以在从区划到规划的研究中起到一个纽带的作用。在此基础上,论文以上海崇明县为例,将地理信息系统、统计模型和空间决策支持系统的集成作为技术突破点,从一个侧面对生态环境规划的理论体系、方法和技术进行了研究和实践。 论文主要由八个部分组成。第一部分在综述了生态环境规划的概念、内容及研究进展的基础上,阐述了县域生态环境规划的必要性。接着针对当前研究中存在的问题,提出了本文的定位,并概述了论文的研究内容和框架。 第二、三部分概述了本文的理论基础和技术支撑。第二部分对区域环境承载力的由来、概念、内涵、表现形式等进行系统的理论阐述,综述了与生态环境规划的关系。第三部分对GIS、DSS和SDSS技术进行了简单的概述和分析。 第四部分在介绍生态环境质量评价指标体系和区域可持续发展指标体系的研究方法和进展的基础上,提出了建立生态环境规划指标体系的另一种概念,即环境承载力指标体系,详细地探讨了环境承载力指标体系的构建方法以及我国县域环境承载力指标体系层次结构。以崇明县为例,借助SDSS的指标管理模块中摘要提供的几种筛选方法,建立了崇明县的环境承载力指标体系。 第五、六部分设计了生态环境规划一些系统的的定量化模型。第五部分是环境承载力的量化研究。从国内外研究现状看,环境承载力的量化研究需要解决以下几个方面的问题:①如何确定区域环境承载力的理想状态和评判标准;②指标和模型的空间分布描述;③加强对区域环境承载力的动态变化过程及发展趋势的预测研究;④区域生态环境规划的实践应用。针对这些问题,论文探讨了区域环境承载力的理想状态的确定及评判标准的划分,并按照一定的原则确立了崇明县理想的区域环境承载力。建立了基于空间因子分析的空间层面与时间序列的环境承载力的度量模型,并将研究结果应用于生态环境区划和县域可持续发展现状的分析。模型中权的确定用层次分析法(AHP)确定。第六部分针对生态环境规划决策的目的、过程,建立了基于环境承载力优化的生态环境规划方案优化模型,并借助于SDSS系统中的人机交互系统,采用向导式的方法求解,并将结果应用于生态环境规划决策。 第七部分以崇明县生态环境规划SDSS的设计为例,提出了县域生态环境规划决策支持系统的体系结构及实现方法。整个系统包括数据管理、模型库管理、指标体系管理、综合评价、生态环境规划决策子及结果显示输出等六个子系统,并相应的设计了数据管理、模型库管理、指标体系管理、环境承载力评价和生态环境规划决策等模块。在数据组织方面,采用Oracle 8.1.7来设计非空间数据库,空间信息利用ArcView、MapobjectsZ.O控件来实现对其的管理,利用VB语一言编程实现系统各功能模块。 第八部分是实践应用。运用前面所述的理论、方法和技术,对崇明县1996年到1999年的环境承载率指数的时空变化进行分析,通过空间聚类分析得到环境承载力的类型区域,结合其它资料,进行了崇明县生态功能区划。利用基于环境承载力优化的崇明县生态环境规划决策模型,设计了四种不同的情景,分析了崇明县未来发展的态势分析,并提出了相应的崇明县可持续发展的对策调控。 本文研究对区域的生态环境建设问题和生态环境规划的理论进行了发展和补充,并借助一些新的方法和技术,这无疑为县域生态环境规划提供了一种途径和方法,为建立我国县域可持续发展的生态环境规划提供技术借鉴和应用示范。同时也为崇明的生态环境规划及总体发展规划的制定提供理论依据和基础数据。

【Abstract】 Regional eco-environmental planning is still on the level of researching and developing in theory and methodology. The planning based on evaluation of environmental quality and environmental capacity doesn’t take the socio-economic factors into account, which can’t solve the ecological environmental problems radically. What’s more, planning according to status quo can’t realize the conception of sustainable development. The eco-functional regionalization, which is the base of regional eco-environmental planning, is only a basal task of regional ecological environmental planning at present time. Therefore, how to plan through regionalization is another problem that should be researched in ecological environmental planning, both in theory and methodology. In practice, county is a basic unit of administrative region of our country, which fulfils policy of our country directly. Therefore, county ecological environmental planning has great significance and practical reaction in the eco-environmental protection and sustainable development of the county.According to the theory and method of county ecological environmental planning, this paper proposes environmental carrying capacity theory as an important theoretical basis of eco-environmental planning. In the aspect of methodology, this paper utilizes geographic information system, decision support system and spatial decision support system to solves the problem of massive data management and semi-structural and unstructural decision-making in ecological environmental planning.The paper consists of eight sections. The first section summarizes the conception and content eco-environmental planning, and discusses the necessity of county ecological environmental planning. It brings forward the aims of this paper, and it summarize the research content and frame of this paper.The second and third sections summarize the theoretical basis of eco-environmental planning and the supporting technology. The second section reviews the origin, conception, connotation, expressive form of environmental carrying capacity. The third section summarizes briefly the technologies of GIS(Geographical Information System), DSS(Decision Support System) and SDSS(Spatial Decision Support System).The fourth section puts forward another method of developing eco-environmental planning index system, namely, environmental carrying capacity index system on the basis of the progress of the evaluation index system of environmental quality and the county sustainable index system. This section discusses in detail the construction method of environmental carrying capacity index system.The fifth and sixth section are the quantitative models of eco-environmentalplanning. The fifth section is about the quantitative research of environmental carrying capacity. It discusses how to determine the ideal state of county environmental carrying capacity and evaluation criterion and builds quantitative model of environmental carrying capacity. It was applied to the regionalization of eco-environmental and sustainable development status. The sixth section develops a model of eco-environmental planning optimizationg based on environmental carrying capacity optimizing. It adopts the navigational method, recurring to the human-machine system in SDSS system.Take Chongming county as an example, the seventh section puts forward the system structure and realization method of eco-environmental planning spatial decision support system (EEP_SDSS).The eighth section demonstrates the practical application. Utilizing the theory, method and technology mentioned above, this section analyzes the environmental carrying capacity ratio index of Chongming county from 1996 to 1999, and it makes the eco-functional regionalization of Chongming county. Meanwhile, it calculates future carrying capacity of Chongming under four different developmental scenes, and puts forward relevant countermeasure measurements for the sustainable development of Chongming county.The paper contributes to the theory of the problem of regional eco-

  • 【分类号】X171
  • 【被引频次】25
  • 【下载频次】1821
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