【作者】 马宪春；

【导师】 张际平；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 教育技术学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 学习技术系统设计是关于如何设计学习技术系统的研究，具体涉及有关“什么是学习”、“什么是技术”、“什么是设计”，以及“什么是学习技术系统”等概念和知识。 一般而言，技术是人们利用相应的工具作用于对象之上实现特定目标的能力，而学习技术则是指学习者利用相应的学习工具作用于学习对象之上实现特定学习目标的能力。为此，学习者、学习工具和学习对象就成了学习技术系统的基本三要素。在一定的学习环境之中，学习者、学习工具和学习对象之间的相互作用过程就是学习者的学习过程，这个过程的结果是学习者获得了知识、增长了技能、改造了品格。 设计是指人们头脑中设想、计划、构思等过程，是一种思维活动过程，可以用某种形式表现出来。任何设计的目的都是为了最优化地解决问题和最大限度地满足实际需要。学习技术系统设计的目的就是为了最优化地解决学习者在学习过程中遇到的问题和最大限度地满足学习者在学习上的需要，同时也是更好地为学习者的学习服务。学习技术系统设计的主要内容包括学习技术系统三要素、学习环境和学习过程，重点是在此基础上对学习模式的设计和研究。 本研究论文主要分四个大部分：第一部分涉及技术、学习、设计、以及学习技术系统设计等基本概念，也是本研究的逻辑起点；第二部分涵盖了对学习技术系统全部主要要素和环境的描述和分析，属于解构部分；第三部分是核心部分，重点是进行学习模式的分析和设计；第四部分是综合运用，属于理论与实践的结合部分。论文的各章内容简介如下： 第一章 概述：定义了学习技术的概念，并由此推演了学习技术系统的要素及关系，从宏观上建立了学习技术系统的结构框架。 第二章 学习者：着重分析和描述了学习者的知识、能力、学习动机和学习风格等内容。 第三章 学习资源：分析了现有各种对资源，尤其是学习资源，的主要定义，在约束了“泛资源”的条件下，给出了学习资源的界定，并对学习资源进行了详细分类。 第四章 学习工具：从人体(身、心两方面)和人体功能的延展两个角度全面细致地对学习工具进行了分类，并把计算机(及外设)和人脑(及身体)作了深入的比较，为研究学习过程和设计学习工具奠定了基础。 第五章 学习环境：重新对环境及学习环境做了界定，分析了学习环境的类型及作用，为有的放矢地进行学习设计提供了理论基础。同时也分析了环境、资源、工具的之间的关系。 第六章 学习过程模式：综合分析了现有的学习过程模式优缺点及相互矛盾之处；以最新的神经生理学和心理学成果为基础，并应用计算机科学的研究方法，设计了“学习过程的元控制模式”；提出记忆的“快速通道假说”，在学习上具有重要的实践意义；用“元控制系统”和“运算系统”解释记忆的控制和编码问题，它们相当于计算机的CPU；用“学习过程的元控制模式”解释了现存的一些矛盾问题。 第七章 理想化学习技术系统建模：是理论在学习技术系统设计中的具体运用。提出了理想化学习的基本假设和理想化学习技术系统的设计原则。并根华东师大2004据设计原则给出了系统实现的几个案例。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is related how to design a learning technology system, which involves some basic conceptions and knowledge with respect to what is technology, what is learning, what is design, and what is learning technology system.In general, technology refers to the ability that people employ the corresponding tools to affect on objects for reaching a specific goal. Learning technology is the ability that learner uses the corresponding learning tools to affect on learning objects for reaching the specific learning goal. Learners, learning tools and learning objects are three basic elements of the learning technology system. In some given learning conditions, the interactive process between learners, learning tools and learning object is learners’ learning process, in which learners acquire the knowledge, improve the skill and change the character.Design is a thinking activity that refers to a process of assumption, planning and constructing in mind, and also will present it in a certain form. The aim of any design is to solve the issues at big degree and meet full needs. So, it is the aim of learning technology system design to solve the issues that learners are faced in their learning process as good as possible and meet all needs, including to serve learners’ learning better. In such case, three elements of learning technology system, learning environment, learning result and learning process, are related to for design. Meanwhile, it is most important to analysis and design learning models.The thesis consists of four parts: One introduces the basic concept and definition about technology, learning, design, and learning technology system design; Two analysis the elements and environments of the system; Three is the key point of the thesis, which gives the design and analysis of learning model; Last is a practical application based on the learning model. Major contents of each chapter are:Chapter one: Definitions to learning, technology, design, and learning technology system are discussed.Chapter two: Knowledge, ability, learning motion, and learning style are analyzed and studied.Chapter three: A new definition of learning resources is offered based on the analysis of present definitions of resources and learning resources, and learning resources are sorted in details.Chapter four: Learning tools are classified according to human themselves (including both physical and spiritual facets) and the extension of human beings’ functions. The differences between computer and human brains are deeply compared. Chapter five: Environment and learning environment are analyzed and defined. The relationships between environment, resource, and tools are also clarified. Chapter six: Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of present learning process model. A "meta-control model of learning process" is described, based on the latest achievements of neurophysiology and psychology. An advanced "rapid-path assumption" of memory that has an important practical significance is offered. Theissues of memory controlling and coding with "meta-control system" and "calculating system" like computer CPU are explained. And some existing contradictions within "meta-control model of learning process" are discussed.Chapter seven: An ideal model of learning technology system is constructed. Some design principles and laws to the ideal learning technology system are given. Several practical cases of learning technology system design are presented.更多还原