节点文献
上海城市土地利用与景观格局的空间演变研究
A Study on Spatial Evolution of Urban Land Use and Landscape Pattern in Shanghai
【作者】 赵晶;
【导师】 徐建华;
【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 , 地图学与地理信息系统, 2004, 博士
【摘要】 当今世界,尤其是发展中国家,正经历着一场前所未有的城市化浪潮,城市化所伴生的大规模土地利用/覆盖变化已经成为一种典型的人地系统相互作用过程。在准确获取城市土地利用演变信息的基础上,认识并理解城市化过程中土地利用演变格局特征、演变过程和驱动机制,建立城市土地利用格局演变动力学模型,寻求区域及城市人地系统的协调与均衡发展,从而最大限度地减少人类活动对各种自然景观与生态环境的影响与破坏,已经成为当前土地利用/覆盖变化研究所面临的关键问题。作为中国人口最密集、经济发展最快的城市,上海城市土地利用与景观格局在建国至今,尤其是改革开放、浦东开发以来出现了前所未有的巨大变化,因此,本文选择上海为典型案例区,以格局、过程、机制和模型为中心,对建国以来上海城市土地利用与景观演变进行系统综合研究。 论文第一章首先论述了区域和城市土地利用/覆盖变化研究背景,进而从格局、过程、机制和模型四个角度总结当前城市土地利用演变研究的基本动态和研究成果,发现现有的研究总体比较散乱,无论是理论、方法还是实践案例上,都缺乏对典型区域城市土地利用格局演变的系统综合研究以及对不同背景、不同区域、不同尺度上的城市土地利用演变的深入比较研究,城市土地利用/覆盖变化研究还没有形成完整的理论研究体系,本章最后对上海城市自然地理特征和城市土地利用格局现状进行概括总结,提出本研究的立题意义、研究目标和研究内容。 论文第二章从理论上建立了城市土地利用演变研究系统框架,发展了土地利用演变动力学概念模型,并对当前土地利用/覆盖变化研究的各种理论和方法进行了概括总结,提出了城市土地利用演变研究的思路、研究流程和本文使用的具体方法,认为城市土地利用演变研究的基本目的在于认识和理解城市土地利用/覆盖变化的基本特征和规律,进而对城市人地动力系统进行优化调控,为城市发展提供决策支持。 论文第三章综合遥感影像信息、数字化矢量地图和其他辅助数据等多源属性和空间数据,利用景观生态学和空间统计学方法,从粒度效应、演变规律和空间异质性相结合的角度,对近50年来上海中心城区土地利用与景观演变的粒度效应、格局特征和空间变异结构进行了系统分析。研究发现:(1)区域土地利用景观格局随粒度增加出现显著变化,在对研究区景观格局进行分析时,需视研究对象和目的的不同采用适合的研究尺度和景观格局指数;(2)近50多年来,人为因素对城市土地格局的影响逐渐深入,并表现出加速趋势,中心城镇用地通过占用周围农田向外快速扩张及城区内部用地的结构调整是上海城市土地格局演变的基本特征;(3)研究区景观多样性和斑块密度的空间格局随幅度变化而变化,二者均具有空间异质性特征,且空间异质性随尺度而变化,小尺度下的空间变异体现了更多的细节特征,尺度越大,空间变异的细节越被掩盖,空间差异的形成与上海城市发展历史和城市规划息息相关。 论文第四章借助GIS的空间分析功能,结合城市发展历史,从上海城市建成区形态扩展的空间差异、城市居住与工业用地的空间扩展特征和城市建成区扩展过程与模式三个方面,揭示了近50多年来上海城市建成区空间扩展规律、过程和模式,研究发现:(1)不同方向上的建成0摘要区面积及其空间扩展面积的差异逐渐增大,西南一南方向上建成区空间扩展在各个时期的差异最大,南一东南方向上各个时期空间扩展面积相差最小,城市空间扩展的各向异性特征愈加突出;(2)不同时期,居住与工业用地的扩展规模和速度及对城市建成区扩展的贡献率差异较大,改革开放以前,居住与工业的扩展贡献率基本呈现两极分布,改革开放以后,二者比例相接近,居住用地和工业用地已成为城市建成区扩展的主导力量;(3)居住用地和工业用地的空间扩展特征随时间而变化,同一时期居住和_L业的空间扩展强度、规模和方式也存在很大差异,一般而言,二者高速和快速扩展类型的面积和面积比例均表现出递增的趋势,城市核心区以逆向扩展为主的土地功能置换趋势也愈加显著;(4)上海城市建成区的空间扩展总体上表现为辐射填充模式,经济发展较快时期多以轴向辐射模式为主,相反地,则多为空间填充模式,各时期扩展轴性质存在较明显的差异,北、西北和西南方向的扩展轴为工业用地与居住用地的混合类型,浦东方向则主要为工业用地扩展类型。 论文第五章将定性分析和定量统计计算相结合,利用缓冲区分析、主成分分析和多元回归分析等方法,从自然环境、城市交通、经济发展和政府调控四个方面对中心城区土地利用演变与空间扩展机制进行了全面剖析。认为:(l)上海城市建成区的发展受区域水体分布的影响很大,尤其是横贯市区的黄浦江和苏州河,对建国至今建成区的扩展具有明显的制约作用;(2)发达的水上交通对上海早期城市扩展发挥了巨大作用,但随着经济发展,由中心城区向外延伸的各主要干道正成为建成区空间扩展的走廊,道路两侧土地类型转化率一般随距干道距离的增大而减小;(3)建成区空间扩展的主要社会、经济驱动因素为城市人口、城市建设投资规模和第二、三产业GDP比例,建国至今,?
【Abstract】 At present, urbanization has already become one of the major manners for human to change the Earth and the land use/cover change in urbanization is also turning into one typically interactional process between human and the Earth. Therefore, how to highly reduce all kinds of destruction to physical environment and seek harmonious development between human and the Earth by the optimal land use/cover pattern with the support of the land use/cover dynamic model and the favor of the deep understanding of the land use evolution pattern, process and mechanism in urbanization becomes the key point of the land use/cover change research. As the most populous and developed city in China, Shanghai’s landscape pattern has taken great place since liberated. The dissertation here carries out the systemic and integrative case study on urban land use and landscape evolution from 1947 to 2002 in Shanghai, with the aim of understanding the basic characteristics and rules of metropolitan land use evolution in China and furthering the current land use/cover change research.In chapter one, according to the background introduction of relative land use change research at home and abroad, urban land use change research trends and developments are reviewed from its pattern, process, mechanism and model aspects. It can be seen that current land use change research is very non-systemic, there isn’t integrated and compared research on urban land use change with different regions and scales in theory, method and practice. Urban land use change research hasn’t uniform and full theory system yet. The status of physical environment and land use pattern in Shanghai are summarized and the significance, purpose as well as contents of this research are brought forward in the end.In chapter two, on the base of all kinds of theory and method for land use/cover change research, the framework and conceptual model of urban land use evolution in dissertation are set up, the study flowchart and method for urban land use evolution in dissertation are advanced. It is considered that the study purpose is to understand characteristics and rules of urban land use evolution, thereby optimize the relationships between human and the Earth in urbanization and provide decision support for urban development.In chapter three, with the help of landscape ecology and spatial statistics, the grain effect, pattern characteristics and spatial heterogeneity of land use evolution of central area in Shanghai from 1947 to 2002 are studied with the integration of remote sensing data, digital map and other statistical datum. The results show: (1) The pattern characteristics of land use have distinct change with the increase in grain, therefore, different study scale and pattern index are used according to different study object and purpose when land use evolution is studied of central area in Shanghai; (2) In the past 50 years, the human activities in Shanghai are becoming stronger and stronger with the accelerating trend, the rapid growth of the urban land by encroaching ambient cultivated land andthe structure adjustment in central area are the main characteristics of land use evolution in Shanghai; (3) Landscape diversity and patch density have spatial heterogeneity, their spatial pattern and heterogeneity change in different sampling extent. The more fine the sampling extent is, the more detailed the characteristic of spatial heterogeneity is. The history of urban development and urban planning play an important role in growth of spatial pattern.In chapter four, the spatial growth process, rule and mode of built-up area in Shanghai from 1947 to 2002 are studied from the following three aspects: spatial difference of form growth, spatial growth characteristic of residential area and industrial area and spatial growth process and mode of built-up area. The results show: (1) The built-up area in different directions and their growth discrepancy are becoming greater and greater, spatial growth difference is the most greatest in SW-S direction and the most least in S-
【Key words】 Land use; Landscape pattern; Spatial evolution; Model; Shanghai;
- 【网络出版投稿人】 华东师范大学 【网络出版年期】2004年 04期
- 【分类号】TU984.113
- 【被引频次】85
- 【下载频次】4911