汪辉祖研究

【作者】 鲍永军；

【导师】 徐规；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 中国古代史， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 汪辉祖是清代乾隆、嘉庆年间的一位名人。他在地方行政幕府佐治长达三十四年，持正不阿，擅长断狱，是名闻全国的“绍兴师爷”；后为州县官五年，勤政爱民，政绩斐然，是一位难得的清官良吏；他又勤于治学，尤邃于史，又是一位著述宏富的著名学者。汪辉祖集名幕、循吏、学者等多种身份角色于一体，在当时尤其是后世产生了广泛而深远的影响。 用历史的眼光看，汪辉祖一生主要成就有二：一是总结佐治为官的丰富经验，撰成《佐治药言》、《学治臆说》等多种官箴书。这些著作，对清代地方行政制度与方法作了很好的阐发，构建了一个为官从政的理论体系，成为清代后期官幕必读之官场指南，对于地方政治及其实际运作有很大影响。二是编撰《元史本证》、《史姓韵编》、《九史同姓名略》等多种史学著作，在史学上作出重要贡献，尤其是数种正史姓名学专著，嘉惠学界，功劳甚巨，实属难能可贵。 本文全面系统地论述了汪辉祖的生平事迹和学术思想成就，旨在通过对汪辉祖这一“绍兴师爷”的典范的剖析，为清代幕府制度与幕友的研究，提供一个典型个案的考察。全文共分七章，凡二十一万字。 第一章阐述了汪辉祖生活的时代背景，分析了清代幕府制度的产生、特点与绍兴师爷的兴盛原因，简介乾嘉时代的政治风气、吏治、幕道的变迁，揭示乾嘉考据学风的特点以及汪辉祖的师友交游情况。 第二章，分家乡家世、佐治生涯、湖南为官、归里家居、学术活动五个部分，详细介绍汪辉祖的生平事迹。除了展示汪辉祖的人生轨迹与心路历程之外，对其学术活动、学术思想、著述情况也作了概述。 第三章，从入幕宜慎、律己立品、尽心事主、亲民便民四个方面，分析汪辉祖的幕学思想。 第四章，将汪辉祖的吏治思想，归纳为清廉自律、以民为本、事上接下、谨身勤政四个方面，一一进行评述。 第五章，分析汪辉祖调处息讼、爱民省事、法贵准情等法律见解。 第六章，论述汪辉祖的学术成就。汪辉祖勤于著述，硕果累累，这是清代其他职业幕友所不能企及的。汪辉祖所著《元史本证》，在元史学上具有重要地位，所编史学姓名工具书多种，极大地便利了史学研究。此外，汪辉祖在著述年谱、家训以及文学、文献学方面也取得一定的成就。 第七章，探讨汪辉祖的人生哲理，这是其为人处世的思想基础。汪辉祖相信天道宿命与因果报应，同时，强调人在自为，守身律己，奋发向上。 本文首先揭示汪辉祖所处的时代背景，勾勒其人生轨迹，展示他的行为表现；其次阐明他在行为背后所依据的幕学、吏治、法律思想；然后，评介他的学术成就；最后，总结汪辉祖言行思想的基础，即其人生哲理。结束语部分，对汪辉祖的历史地位与影响、缺失作了评述。汪辉祖的言行事迹和传世著作，为他赢得了生前身后的声名。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wang Huizu who lived in the reign of the Emperor Qian Long and Jia Qing , is a famous person in Qing Dynasty. He helped Local government officials when making judgments as a private adviser for thirty-four years. He is very honest and good at dealing with the judicial affairs, then he become a national well-known "Shaoxing shiye". He has been a local officer for five years . He has deep love for the people, work diligently, had made very great achievement, so he is a rare good officer. He very diligent to study knowledge, especially master historiography. He is a famous scholar who writed a lot of books. Wang Huizu is not only a famous private adviser and good local officer, but also a famous scholar. He has heavy influence at that time and in later age.As a historical figure, Wang achieved great success in two aspects. Firstly, He has summarized his abundant experience as a local officer and an assistant to numerous ranking officials, then he writed many books on how to act as an official , for example, "Zuozhi Yaoyan"," "Xuezhi Yishuo", and so on. These books have done the clear explanation to the local administration’ s management system of Qing Dynasty, and have set up a theoretical system how to act as an official and to be engaged in the political management affairs. These books are guidance work which the private assistants of officer and officer must read on later stage of Qing Dynasty, and have great influence on the local politics and actual operation. Secondly, He compiles many kinds of historiography work, for example, "Yuanshi Benzheng", "Shixing Yunbian" , and "Jiushi tongXingmingLue", makes important contribution in historiography, his numerous works of names index to the Chinese Dynastic Histories are the remarkable tools to historical scholarship.This paper overall the life and academic thoughts of Wang Huizu in a systematic way, the purpose lies in passing the analysis to this model of "Shaoxing shiye", offer a typical case to the investigation about the "Mufu" system and "Muyou". This paper divides into seven chapters, all 210.000 words altogether.Chapter one set forth the explain the background of Wang’ s times, the formulation and characteristic of "Mufu" system , cause of the rise of "Shaoxing Shiye" in Qing Dynasty, the changes of political atmosphere, officer’ s and private assistant’ s morality, the characteristic of the academic atmosphere in the reign of the Emperor Qian Long and Jia Qing, the contacts situation to his teachers and friends.Chapter two divide into five parts, "the hometown and family’ s history" , "the life of Zuozhi " , "act as an official in Hunan" , "life at home" , and " academic activity" . This chapter introduces Wang HuiZu’s life story in detail. Besides showing Wang HuiZu’ s course of life and way course of heart, have done the summary to its academic activity, academic thought, situation of writing too.Chapter three divide into four parts, "private secretary serving as officerswants to consider carefully" , "be strict with oneself, strengthen moral character training" , "try your best to assist officers" , "have deep love for common persons, do things prudently" . This chapter analyses Wang HuiZu’ s thoughts about "Muxue".Chapter three divide Wang Huizu ’s thoughts on administration of local officials into four parts, "sum up for being honest and upright to contain by oneself" , "based on the people" , "handle the relation between the superior and the subordinate well" , "strict with oneself and work hard in government" , comment one by one.Chapter five analyses Wang HuiZu’ s opinion in administration of justice, for example, he puts emphasis on mediating the law suit, cherish common people, make the lawsuit simplify, consider human feeling while dealing with the case, and so on .Chapter six describes Wang HuiZu’s scholastic attainment. He writes academic works diligently and achieve great success. None of his colleagues can make these kind of achievement in Qing Dynasty . "Yuanshi Benzheng" have important status in historiography更多还原