【作者】 韩青；

【导师】 谭向勇；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 发展节水灌溉是提高中国农业水资源利用效率、维护农业生态环境和实现农业可持续发展的重要途径。本文以资源经济学、制度经济学、信息经济学和可持续发展理论为指导，对节水灌溉技术的经济特征、技术供给主体的供给行为、供给模式和供给效率、技术应用中的制度激励等进行剖析，对影响节水灌溉技术应用的因素进行了实证分析。从而为深化中国节水灌溉技术变革和制定节水灌溉技术推广政策提供理论依据。 本文的基本研究结论是：(1)中国现实条件决定了农业节水灌溉技术由社区和农户共同提供成为一种普遍趋势，从而使灌溉技术的经济特性更明显地表现出了“准公共物品”的特性。(2)水价的提高、制定有效的奖惩法规来激励或约束农产的节水行为、技术节水成效的提高和技术建设成本的降低都会增加农户节水灌溉技术的供给，使技术供给行为从违约转向合作。(3)村经济发展水平对村节水灌溉技术采用有直接的影响；在水资源供给量和节水灌溉技术资金投入有限的条件下，应优先考虑对经济作物采用先进的节水灌溉技术；粮食作物一般采用水利用率较低的传统技术，而经济作物一般采用水利用率较高的现代技术；水资源短缺程度会影响农户灌溉技术的选择；水价和是否有政府扶持对经济作物灌溉技术选择有显著的影响，而这两个因素对粮食作物灌溉技术选择几乎没有影响。 为此，提出以下促进中国农业节水灌溉技术应用的政策建议：(1)加强灌溉工程建设和管理中的农户参与。(2)运用信贷手段和加强高科技含量、低成本的节水技术的科研投入等政府政府支持政策来激励农产的技术需求。(3)实行灌溉水价的结构性调整和农业生产结构调整相结合的策略，以便增强农户技术改造的积累能力；(4)依据农业资源的地区性差异和农户的经济承受能力，分区域构建节水灌溉技术体系。 本研究有以下创新：(1)依据灌溉技术的经济特性，运用微观经济学的边际分析方法研究了灌溉技术的低度私人自愿供给行为和灌溉技术的过度利用行为。(2)运用信息经济学中的博弈论方法考察了建立激励机制和约束机制在农产灌溉技术供给中所起的积极作用。(3)运用福利分析方法对农业水价形成进行了理论分析。(4)运用计量分析方法对不同节水灌溉技术对作物产值的影响和农产节水灌溉技术选择的影响因素进行了实证研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Developing agricultural water-saving irrigation technology is a important way of improving water resource utilization efficiency, maintaining entironment and realizing agricultural sustainable development. This thsis analyzes water-saving irrigation technology economical character, technology providers’ behaviors, supplying model, supplying efficiency, system inspiritment and technology application affecting factors on the basis of resource economics, system economics, informition economics and sustainable development theory. Therefore, this study will provide reference for deepening change and establishing policy of agricultural water-saving irrigation technology.The main conclusions in this thsis are as follows: (1) That agricultural water-saving irrigation technology supplied by communities and farmers is a tendency in china. Thus, agricultural water-saving irrigation technology’s economical character represents semi-public goods; (2) Increasing water price, establishing rules of encouragement and punishment, enhancing water-saving effect and decreasing technology cost will increase farmers’ technology supply; (3) Economy development level will affect directly application of water-saving irrigation technology in survey villages. Economical crops must adopt water-saving irrigation technology firstly when water supply and capital input are limited. Grains adopt traditional technology which utilization efficiency is low, wheres economical crops adopt modern technology which utilization efficiency is high commonly. The level of water deficiency will impact survey farmers’ choice of water-saving irrigation technology. The factors of water price and government support will affect economical crops’ technology choice remarkably, wheres these fators have no effect on grains’ technology choice nearly.Consequently, in order to promote the application of water-saving irrigation technology.it is essential that (1) to strengthen farmers’ participation in irrigation technology construction and management;(2) to introduce credit means and scientific research of high technology and low cost; (3) to carry out policy of adjustment of agricultural water price and product structure accordingly;(4) to form system of water-saving irrigation technology according to water resource reserves and farmers’ economical endurance in different areas.The main innovation points in this thsis are as follows: (1) Action of personal supply of water-saving irrigation technology according as ways of magrginal analysis has been studied; (2) Systems of encouragement and punishment by the way of Game theroy in farmers’ technology supply has been investigated; (3) The form of agricultural water price depend on welfare analysis has been studied; (4) The affecting factors of farmers’ water-saving irrigation technology choices by econometrics has been analyzed.更多还原