【作者】 姚金波；

【导师】 顾振亚；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 纺织工程， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 废弃的羊毛及其它动物发毛是重要的角蛋白质资源，然而长期以来并未得到充分应用。羊毛蛋白质能够再生应用的基础是首先制备出角蛋白质溶液，但是羊毛纤维结构的特殊性，使其不熔、不溶，只能选择适当的溶剂，并适度降解方可使其溶解。目前研究报道的羊毛纤维溶解方法都普遍存在有两个主要缺陷：其一是对纤维的溶解效率低，只能获得低浓度、低粘度、较低分子量、低制成率的羊毛角蛋白质溶液；其二则是因浓度低而在多数专利中需要通过反渗透、透析方法使溶液浓缩、提纯、固化成羊毛角蛋白质粉末，以方便后续加工使用。显然，这些问题都妨碍了羊毛角蛋白质资源的有效利用。 本研究着重研究高制成率、高粘度、较高分子量、高浓度的羊毛角蛋白质溶解方法。并依据溶解方法研究其相应的直接应用途径。具体涉及两项研究内容：还原C法制取羊毛角蛋白质溶液及其应用研究、金属盐法制取羊毛角蛋白质溶液及其与PAN共混纺制纤维的研究。本论文的创新性工作主要包括： （1）首次将金属盐ZnX₂或LiX与还原剂——巯基乙酸复合作为羊毛角蛋白质的溶剂。由此形成了独特的羊毛角蛋白质溶剂体系，该体系能够得到制成率达100％、浓度高达25％（w／w）、粘度和分子量等重要指标都高于其它方法的羊毛角蛋白质溶液，可用于对粘度和浓度有较高要求的应用领域。此方法的最佳溶剂组成是LiX：巯基乙酸：水=1：1：1。 （2）首次将羊毛角蛋白质溶液与PAN共聚物共混制成共混膜，探讨了两种高聚物共混时的相行为，进而通过湿法纺丝获得羊毛角蛋白质与PAN共混纤维。该共混纤维具有一定的机械强度和染色性能。从而为羊毛角蛋白质资源的应用和新型纤维的开发提供了一条新的途径。 （3）首次成功地将还原C法制得的羊毛角蛋白质溶液不经提纯直接应用于毛织物定形整理加工中，收到了令人满意的效果。为角蛋白质溶液应用探索了一条新的途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 As know in the art, waste wool and other animal hairs are important source of keratin protein; however, this great source has not been fully utilized for a long time. The basis of regenerating and applying wool protein is to prepare the keratin solution in advance; but, wool does not melt or dissolve, due to the particularity of its structure, and it only can be dissolved using appropriate solvents, after proper degradation. There are generally two main drawbacks in the currently reported methods of dissolving wool, one of which is the low efficiency of dissolving fibers; only the wool keratin solutions with low concentration, low viscosity, relatively low molecular weight and low conversion rate have been obtained; the other drawback is, as mentioned in many patents, the wool keratin solution needed to be concentrated, purified, and coagulated into wool keratin powder, through back-permeation, dialysis techniques, in order to facilitate the application in the subsequent processes. It is obvious that these problems have already impeded the effective utilization of the source of wool protein.This research was focused on the studies of wool keratin solution with high conversion rate, high viscosity, relatively high molecular weight and high concentration, and the investigation of the direct applications based on the dissolving methods. This research is related to two items of studying contents: (1) the preparation of wool keratin solution using Reduction-C method and the investigation on its application; (2) the preparation of wool keratin solution using metallic salt and the investigation of its co-spinning with PAN.The creative aspects included in this dissertation are listed below:1. The metallic salt ZnX2 or LiX and the reductive agent, mercaptoacetic acid, were composed as a solvent of wool keratin protein for the first time, and hence the unique solvent system for wool protein was formed, which might result in the wool protein solution having 100% conversion rate, the concentration as high as 25% by weight, the viscosity and molecular weight higher than the wool protein solutions produced by other methods, and can be used in the application field where there are higher requirements in viscosity and concentration. The optimal solvent composition in this method is LiX: mercaptoacetic acid: water =1:1:1.2. In this research it has been the first time to blend the wool protein solution with PAN and make them into blending film, and hence the blending fiber of wool keratin and PAN was obtained through wet-spinning method. This blending fiber has enough mechanical strength and dyeing property; therefore, this research results provided a new avenue to the application of wool keratin source and the development of new types of fibers.3. The wool protein solution, obtained with the Reduction-C method, has been directly applied in the setting finish process for the first time, without purificationprocess, and the effects were satisfactory; accordingly, a new way has been explored for the application of protein solution.更多还原