【作者】 刘圣勇；

【导师】 张百良；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 农业生物环境与能源工程， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 本研究是在国家科技部“十五”科技攻关项目“生物质成型关键技术及配套设备研究”(编号：2001BA403804)及河南省科技攻关项目“秸秆生物质成型关键技术及配套设备产业化技术研究”(编号：0124110304)的支持与结合下而开展的系列研究。本文通过对“生物质成型燃料燃烧设备设计”、“生物质成型燃料燃烧设备热性能试验”、“生物质成型燃料燃烧设备空气流动场试验”、“生物质成型燃料燃烧设备温度场试验”、“生物质成型燃料燃烧设备炉膛内气体浓度场试验”、“生物质成型燃料燃烧设备结渣特性试验”、“生物质成型燃料燃烧设备主要设计参数确定试验”及“生物质成型燃料燃烧设备技术经济评价”等方面的系统研究，获得了生物质成型燃料燃烧设备各项性能指标及燃烧空气流动场、温度场、浓度场、结渣性能、主要设计参数变化规律。为生物质成型燃料燃烧设备设计、运行及技术改造奠定了理论基础，同时为生物质成型燃料燃烧设备开发提供了实际指导。主要研究成果有以下几个方面： 1．根据生物质成型燃料的燃烧特性、层燃锅炉热性能及热力特性参数为设计依据，设计出双层炉排生物质成型燃料专用燃烧设备；根据燃烧设备的加工工艺制造出生物质成型燃料专用燃烧设备；按照燃烧设备安装方法及调试方法对该燃烧设备进行了安装与调试。从而为生物质成型燃料燃烧设备热性能、空气动力场、结渣特性、主要设计参数确定等试验奠定了基础。 2．根据BG／T15137—1994工业锅炉节能监测方法，在最小风门、较小风门、较大风门、最大风门4种工况下，分别对生物质成型燃料燃烧设备热效率、热水流量、热水参数等热性能参数进行了试验，得出了相应结果，评价了设计方法的正确性与可靠性；根据GB5468—91锅炉烟尘测试方法及河南农业大学博士学位论文GWPB3一1 999锅炉大气污染物排放标准，对燃烧设备的环保指标进行了试验，得出了燃烧设备排烟中CO、NOx、502、烟尘含量等环保指标，对国家工业锅炉大气污染物排放标准进行对比;根据该燃烧设备在试制中加工工艺特点、价格高低、操作难易、安全程度等，与同容量燃煤锅炉作了对比。从该燃烧设备的热性能试验，环保指标等其他性能试验，对该燃烧设备综合性能进行了评价，肯定了双层炉排燃烧设备燃用生物质成型燃料的优势，同时也指出了该燃烧设备的不足之处，在本文中特别指出双层炉排生物质成型燃料燃烧设备运行参数与设计选用参数之间存在一定差别，给设计所带来的计算误差，向人们提出了要尽快完善生物质成型燃料燃烧设备主要设计参数，特别是秸秆成型燃料燃烧设备的主要设计参数，为提高生物质成型燃料专用燃烧设备的设计精度指出了方向。 3.根据有限元分割原理，通过试验与观察相结合方法测出了该燃烧设备空转情况炉膛立面空气流线及流速分布，为冷态、热态炉膛立面空气流场研究提供一定指导;测出了冷态状态燃烧设备炉排上下空气流速大小及分布，找到了流速分布规律，为热态炉排上下空气流速分布规律分析打下了基础;根据4种燃烧工况测出热态单双炉排燃烧方式炉排上下流速大小，找出了相应分布规律，分析评价了单双炉排燃烧方式炉排上下流速分布特点与差别，肯定了双层炉排燃烧方式空气流动场分布合理性，同时为生物质成型燃料燃烧设备有一个合理的流场分布指出了方向;通过试验得到了单双炉排燃烧方式冷热态空气流动场分布规律，找到了冷热状态存在区别与联系，为生物质成型燃料燃烧设备空气流动场的简化试验及模拟试验提供了一定的数据积累。 4.根据有限元分割原理布置测点，采用红外测温仪及多点热电偶温度计相结合，测出了单双炉排燃烧方式生物质成型燃料燃烧设备在4种工况炉膛各点温度，找到了2种燃烧方式炉膛内温度随炉膛高度方向、深度方向、河南农业大学博士学位论文宽度方向变化规律;分析评价了单双炉排燃烧方式温度场分布特点，肯定了双层炉排燃烧方式温度场分布合理性，从温度场分布角度找到了最佳工况。从而为生物质成型燃料燃烧设备燃烧方式确定，运行状态的调整，炉膛设计及技术改进提供了可靠的科学依据，同时对炉膛内局部温度分布不均匀原因也进行了分析，从而为炉膛的优化设计提供了理论指导。 5.根据有限元分割原理布置测点，采用降温方法，用K五江9106等仪器分别测出单双炉排燃烧方式4种不同工况下，该燃烧设备炉膛内COZ、02、CO气体浓度，并找到了随炉膛高度方向及深度方向变化规律;从燃烧原理分析评价了2种燃烧方式炉膛内COZ、02、CO气体浓度场分布特点及相应燃料层内干燥、干馏、氧化、还原、灰渣层厚度，肯定了双层炉排燃烧方式炉膛中C02、02、CO气体浓度场分布合理性，从燃烧理论找出了最佳浓度场分布状态及燃料层内各反应层厚度。浓度场试验为生物质成型燃料燃烧设备双层炉排燃烧方式确定，炉膛合理设计及添加燃料的最佳厚度，维持炉内高效、稳定燃烧运行提供一定的科学指导，同时对炉膛内浓度不合理分布现象及位置进行分析。 6.根据GB/T1572一2001燃料结渣性测定方法，GB/T1572一2001燃更多还原

【Abstract】 The research is linked with the Tenth Five-year Plan key project Biomass Briquetting Key Technology And Relative Equipment Study (serial number: 2001B403B04) under State Ministry of Science and Technology and Henan province scientific and technological brainstorm project Straw Briquetting Key Technology And Relative Industrialization Research Of The Equipment (serial number: 0124110304). In it, studies are carried out such as the combustion theory analysis of biomass briquetting, equipment design, thermal performance test, air flow field test, density field test in the hearth, temperature field test, the dreg characteristics, main design parameters and technological and economic evaluation, and so on. The author has gained all kinds of indexes of the equipment and the changing laws of air flow field, temperature field, density field, dreg and main design parameters. This will lay theoretical foundation on design, operation and technology improvement, meanwhile, this will offer actual guidance for development of equipment. The following is the main research results.1. The author designs special equipment with double-deck, based on the ultimate analysis, Caloric, thermodynamic characteristic parameter of layer boiler, working fluid parameters in and out of boiler, exhaust temperature, thermal loss, excess air coefficient, etc. According to processing technology, make special combustion equipment. And it is installed and debugged as required. This will lay the foundation for the thermal performance test, air dynamic field test, dreg characteristic test and determinative test of the main design parameters.2. According to BG/T15137-1994 industry boiler energy-conservation monitoring, on conditions of smallest, smaller, larger and largest air door, the thermal performance tests have been carried out respectively of thermal efficiency, hot water flow and its parameters. The author has got the corresponding result, and evaluated the exactness and dependability of the design method and economy of the equipment. Conforming to GB5468-91 boiler smoke test and GWPB3-1999 boiler atmosphere pollutant exhaust standard, the author carries on the test of environmental protection indexes, draws the indexes of CO, NOX, SO2 and smoke, and upon it, compared with the national industry boiler atmosphere pollutant exhaust standard, appraises its environmental protection benefit. Compared with the same capacity coal-burning boiler, the objective appraisal is formed of trial-product, in processing characteristic, price, operation difficulty, safety and so on. With the performance tests in thermal performance and environmental protection index, etc., the synthetic function is appraised of burning equipment.Besides the advantage of equipment with double-deck, its deficiency is pointed out, too. In this text, the author indicates that there is certain difference between operating parameter and design parameter, which maybe bring about calculation error to design. So it has been put forward to perfect the main design parameters of biomass briquetting facilities as soon as possible, especially that of straw briquetting. This will point out the direction of precision design of special biomass equipment.3. According to finite element segmentation principle, by combining test with observation, the author has measured the air streamline and speed distribution of burning equipment in dally situation, which provides some guide for research of air field in hearth on cold and hot conditions. And the law is found of air speed distribution by measuring its speed and distribution of upper and lower deck on cold condition, thus it lays the foundation for analysis on hot condition. Under four burning states, we measure the air speed in single, double-deck, and find out its corresponding distribution law. Furthermore, analyze and appraise the characteristics and difference in single, double-deck combustion way, confirm the rationality of the latter, at the same time, point out the direction for a reasonable flow field distribution更多还原