中国共产党执政机制研究

【作者】 王建军；

【导师】 赵曜；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 科学社会主义和国际共产主义运动， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 中国共产党是中国的执政党，在整个国家和社会中处于领导地位，党的执政能力如何，不仅关系到党的执政地位的巩固，关系到党自身的形象和影响力，而且关系到国家和社会的发展，影响着社会主义民主政治的进程。完善党的执政机制是提高党的执政能力的重要环节。随着中国共产党从一个领导人民为夺取全国政权而奋斗的党，成为一个领导人民掌握着全国政权并长期执政的党，从一个受到外部封锁的状态下和计划经济体制下领导国家建设的党，成为一个在全面改革开放条件下和市场经济体制下领导国家建设的党，党的执政迫切需要形成一个成熟的、科学的、规范的执政机制，特别是苏联共产党的垮台更加给我们探索党的执政机制带来挑战，带来难度。研究中国共产党的执政机制具有很强的针对性和重要的现实意义，通过对这个问题的研究，为党提高执政能力和执政水平提供理论支持，使党的执政更加自觉、科学，更加符合执政的规律。本文在以下方面做出努力和探索。 第一，界定执政机制的概念。中国共产党在取得政权、执掌政权后，一直围绕着如何巩固政权、掌好政权进行艰辛的探索。但是客观地说，我们一直没有对党的领导和党的执政做出严格的界定。在《毛泽东选集》第5卷中，从未使用过“执政”一词。从邓小平开始，“执政”概念的使用才明显多了起来，之所以如此，是因为在马克思主义的理论里，领导与执政是两个联系大于区别的概念。直到党的第三代领导集体，才明确提出党的领导是通过党的执政来体现的，执政是领导的集中体现，是实现领导的根本途径。强调执政有利于研究和把握革命党与执政党，党领导革命与党领导建设的不同特点。因为党的执政机制研究是学术界新近关注的问题，研究党的执政机制必须首先界定党的执政机制。概念所反映的是事物的本质特征，概念的细化标志着人们对事物认识的深化。只有给执政机制下一个科学的概念，才能深化对它的研究。本文从宏观执政的角度，从执政是一个涉及社会、政党和国家的政治过程的角度为执政机制定义，全文都是围绕这个定义内容展开论述的。 第二、把执政机制内容细化，给出一个新的论述框架。定义执政机制后，就必须界定执政机制的内容，围绕内容进行论述。党的执政机制是一个宏观的提法，必然包括各个分机制。只有把执政机制细化为各个分机制，才能在研究深度上有所突破，否则就容易流于形式，浅尝辄止。本文把党的执政机制分为执政整合机制、执政主体建设机制、执政参与机制、执政决策机制、执政运行机制、执政权力制约机制六个方面，并围绕这六个方面深入论述。 第三，本文采用了理论与实践相结合的方法，总结经验与前瞻未来相结合的方法，研究共性与服务个性相结合的方法。以马克思主义理论为指导，把握正确的研究方向，坚持党的领导的大原则，在这个前提下改善党的执政机制；在总结党的执政历史经验的基础上，深化对党的执政规律的认识，在新的历史条件下创新党的执政机制;研究中国共产党的执政机制，既要研究世界不同性质政党执政的经验教训，也要总结分析不同国家和地区共产党执政的兴衰成败，从而深化对中国共产党执政机制的研究。 第四、提出完善中国共产党执政机制的对策和思路。因为本文是围绕中国共产党执政机制的分机制展开论述的，完善党的执政机制的对策和思路也就寓于各个分机制中。完善党的执政机制也就是如何完善党的执政整合机制、执政主体建设机制、执政参与机制、执政决策机制、执政运行机制、执政权力制约机制这六个机制。本文通过对党的执政历史经验的总结，结合党的执政机制在新形势下面临的困境，提出了个人的对策和思路。 本文结构由序言和正文六章组成。序言部分主要是提出研究的意义，界定研究对象概念，概述国内外研究现状，在此基础上构建全文框架。第一章执政整合机制主要论述了政治整合、制度整合、意识形态整合这三种方式整合社会的历史，评价其作用，以及新形势下如何继续发挥作用及完善思路。第二章执政主体建设机制主要论述中国共产党是中国唯一的执政党，这是历史选择的结果，人民选择的结果，要坚持党的领导;民主集中制是党的根本组织制度，在新形势下要坚持和完善;同时要加强和改进党的思想建设、组织建设和作风建设。第三章执政参与机制主要论述公民参与机制是党的执政机制中的必要内容;公民通过直接和间接两种机制参与国家建设;以及在新形势下完善公民参与机制的原则。第四章执政决策机制主要论述党的决策体制;执政决策的基本原则;以及决策制度化建设。第五章执政运行机制主要论述中国共产党和中国国家政权机关是两个不同的组织体系，要改变党的“一元化”领导体制，以及构建新形势下党的执政运行机制。第六章主要论述了建立执政权力制约机制的意义;建立执政权力制约机制的原则;以及如何构建执政权力制约机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Chinese Communist Party is the party in Power in China, with the leading position in the whole country and society. What the party’ s ruling ability is like not only concerns the party’s status consolidating in power,its own image and influence,but also concerns the development of our nation and society,affects the improvement of the socialist democracy.To perfect the party’s ruling mechanism is the key link to raise the party’s ruling ability. From the party leading the people strving for the state power to one leading the people having been in power for long, from the party leading the nation constru-cion under the exterior blockading and the planned economy system to one leading the construction under the total reform,opening and the market economy,the party’s ruling needs urgently a mature,scientific,standard ruling mechanism,especially with the chal-lege and difficult after the collapse of the Soviet Communist Party. Reseaching the ruling mechanism of the Chinese Communist Party is aimed clearly and significant in reality. To study the question is to provide theoretical supporting for improving the party’s ruling a-bility and level,to make the ruling more aware,more scientific,the more conform to the ruling regulation. The thesis makes efforts and explores the following aspects.The first, to define the ruling mechanism. After coming into power, the Chinese Communist Party has been exploring hard how to consolidate and wield well the power. But objectively speaking,we’ve never defined strictly the party’s leading and ruling. In the fifth volume of " Mao Zedong’ s selected works", the word " ruling" has never appeared. The use of the concept" ruling" became apparently frequent since Deng xiaoping. it is because in the theory of Marxism, leading and ruling are the two concepts with more connection than distinction. Up to the party’s collective leadership of the third generation, it was advanced that the party’s leading is embodied by the party’s ruling,that ruling is the centralized embodiment of the leading,is the root channel to realize the leadership. Emphasizing ruling benifits us to study and grasp the revolutionizing party and the ruling party,to study and grasp the different traits between our party’s leading revolution and leading construction. It’s because the party’s ruling mechanism research is a new concept in the academic cirle, to study the party’s ruling mechanism,we must first determine it. What a definition reflects is the essential character of an object, each division concept of a definition marks the advancing of our realization for an object. Only with a scientific definition for the ruling mechanism, we can deepen the reseach on it. From the grand angle of ruling,from the angle of ruling being the political process involv-ing the society, the party and the nation, the thesis defines the ruling mechanism. The whole thesis develops revolving the content of the definition.The second , the division of the content of the ruling mechanism, and a new argument frame. After the definition of the ruling mechanism,we must define its content for the argument revolving the content. The party’s ruling mechanism is a general wording, includes necessarily all the division systems. Only if we have divided the ruling mechanism into the division systems, we can achieve the breakthrough in the depth of our research. Otherwise, we will easily become formalistic, stop at the beginning. The thesis divide the party’s ruling mechanism into the six aspects-the integration mechanism, the ruling body building mechanism , the participation mechanism , the decision mechanism, the operating mechanism,the power restricting mechanism, and develops the argument deeply revolving the six aspects.The third , this thesis adopts the methods of the combination of the theory and the practice, the combination of experience summary and the prospects for the future ,and the combination of researching the generality and serving the individual. With Marxism as the guide, in the right research direction ,adher更多还原