现代汉语“是”字结构与语用量研究

【作者】 杨艳；

【导师】 范开泰；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 现代汉语中各类“是”字结构都有主观性表达功能，本文从这一重要特点出发，尝试运用功能主义的研究方法，来探讨“量”这一重要的认知范畴中的“语用量”范畴。全文共分六章。 第一章，首先介绍了现代汉语中各类“是”字结构能进行主观性表达的共同特点，然后介绍了本文研究的理论背景“功能主义的语言观”和认知分析中的量范畴分析，再总结了前人对量范畴的研究主要着力于语义量的特点，提出我们的研究任务：以“是”字结构为典型个案研究“语用量(主观量)”系统的各种表达手段。 第二章，主要探讨表语气口气的语言成分本身的语用量问题。着重考察了三种表达语用量的“是”字结构：能进行主观表达的程度副词“很是、最是”、能表达语用量的不同类型和等次的特定句型“不是”型反问句、能表达强调功能的“不是A，就是B”复句格式。 第三章，主要探讨建立在客观量基础上的主观量表达问题。着重考察了五种表达主观量的“是”字结构：表主观大量的否定判断词“不是”，表主观大量的“有的是／多的是”格式，表主观量的“就是”让步复句，表主观大量的“一V+就是+X”固定格式，表主观小量的“不就是……吗／嘛”反问句。 第四章，主要考察表达语用量的特殊格式“A是A”的表强调和委婉的语用功能。区分单句环境、复句环境以及复句环境下不同的复句关系中，“A是A”格式表达语用量的不同特点。 第五章，主要考察作焦点标记的各类“是”字结构和焦点表达的强弱问题，这是“是”字结构表达语用量的一个重要方面。 第六章，总结论文中存在的问题和还有待进一步研究的问题，从方法论上说明普通话中语用量的研究应该和方言中的量范畴表达系统结合起来进行研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on a functional approach and the fact that all the " shi (是) structures in Contemporary Chinese can be used to express subjectivity,this dissertation discusses mainly the pragmatic quantity-a subcategoryof the quantity category in modern cognitive linguistics. It has six chapters.The first chapter gives an introduction to the common feature that all the "shi" structures have the same function to express subjectivity, and to the theoretical background of this paper, i.e. functionalism and quantitative analyses, which is a method of cognitive approaches. Scholars have done a lot of research on quantitative category, which is mainly on semantic quantity, not on pragmatic quantity. In this paper, the "shi" structures are used as one case to study the expressions of the systemic pragmatic quantity.The second chapter is on the category of pragmatic quantity which are expressed by modality, Three "shi" structures expressing pragmatic quantity are discussed: the adverbs of degree "henshi’ (很是), "zuishi" (最是) structures expressing subjectivity; the rhetoric question structure of "bushi"(不是) expressing different kinds and scales of pragmatic quantity; and the compound sentence structure of "bushi ()不是 A, jiushi (就是) B" expressing emphasizing.The third chapter deals with the subjectivity-expressing on the base of objective quantity. Five "shi" structures are discussed: the negative "bushi" (不是) structure expressing large subjective quantity; the "youdeshi" (有的是) /"duodeshi" (多的是) structure expressing large subjective quantity; the "jiushi" (就是) compound structure like "although" in English .expressing subjective quantity, and the fixed structure "yi ( 一) V+jiushi (就是) +X", expressing large subjective quantity and etc.In chapter four, we make an enquiry into a special "A shi Astructure which functions as a mean of emphasizing and euphemizing and expresses pragmatic quantity. Differences are made in pragmatic quantity expressing due to single sentence context, compound sentence context and different relations within compound sentences.And another important aspect of the "shi" structure expressing pragmatic quantity is discussed in chapter five, i.e. the focus marker of "shi"and its variable strength. And last but not least, we discuss problems not well solved and questions for further study. We also suggest that a methodological combination of pragmatic quantity research in contemporary Chinese with the systemic quantity category research in dialects be made.更多还原