贸易技术壁垒研究

【作者】 高文书；

【导师】 杨圣明；

【作者基本信息】 中国社会科学院研究生院 ， 国际贸易学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 当代国际贸易中技术壁垒日趋盛行并不断强化，对整个国际贸易和世界经济尤其是发展中国家产生了深远影响。中国作为一个发展中国家，出口贸易已经受到技术壁垒的严重制约。研究技术壁垒的表现、成因、经济影响、国际管理和对策措施具有重要理论和现实意义。 本文从技术壁垒在国际贸易中的表现出发，分析其产生、发展和不断强化的经济、技术、制度和环境背景，在归纳和评价前人研究成果的基础上，对技术壁垒的概念进行了澄清和新的理论界定，对技术壁垒的特点进行了概括，并依据成因对技术壁垒进行了分类。 文章在分析技术壁垒作用机制的基础上，运用局部均衡模型和一般均衡模型分析了技术壁垒对贸易双方的静态福利效应，并适当放宽静态贸易模型的假设条件，讨论了技术壁垒可能产生的动态经济效果。文章结合发展中国家的出口贸易发展、技术性贸易措施体系建设和贸易争端解决等实际，分析了技术壁垒对发展中国家的深远影响，并进行了个案研究。 文章详细考察了世界贸易组织、国际标准化组织和主要地区经济一体化组织对技术壁垒的国际约束与协调机制，尤其是世界贸易组织TBT协议和SPS协议对技术壁垒的约束与协调，并结合当代贸易技术壁垒国际管理的实践，指出了该机制的缺陷与不足，提出了进一步改进的政策建议。 文章结合中国对外贸易发展实际，指出技术壁垒已经成为制约中国出口贸易发展的巨大障碍，在深入分析成因的基础上，提出了我国突破国外技术壁垒的若干对策建议。 应该看到，虽然在国际社会的努力下技术壁垒得以减少乃至部分消除，但由于世界经济技术不断发展，国际贸易关系日趋复杂，新的技术壁垒将不断产生和更新。当代国际贸易中绿色技术壁垒日益突出，原产地规则、劳工标准越来越成为贸易的技术壁垒就是明证。技术壁垒将成为21世纪世界经济和贸易发展的一大挑战。更多还原

【Abstract】 Technical barriers in modern international trade are being increasingly strengthened, which exerts profound impacts upon developing countries as well as international trade and the world economy. China, one of the developing countries, has been greatly limited in export trade by technical barriers. Therefore, study on the performance, causes, economic effects, international management and measures of technical barriers has considerably significance both in theory and in practice.This dissertation, starting with the performance of technical barriers in international trade, analyses the economic, technical, institutional and environmental background of its birth, development and continuously intensification. And on the basis of summing up and commenting on the accomplishments of the forerunners, the concept of technical barriers has been clarified and identified from a new point of view, the characteristics of technical barriers have been summarized and in addition to that, technical barriers have been classified according to the causes of its birth.In this dissertation, based on the analysis of the technical barrier functional mechanism, I, through partial equilibrium model and general equilibrium model, have analyzed the static economic effects on the two parts of trade by technical barriers. Furthermore, by softening the conditions of the static trade model, I have discussed the dynamic economic impacts of technical barriers. In the light of the export trade development and the construction of the technical trade measure system in developing countries, I have analyzed the profound effects on developing countries by technical barriers and undertake some case study.This dissertation has taken a thorough look on the international restrictions and coordinating mechanism of WTO, international standardization organizations and major economic integration organizations, especially those in TBT Agreement and SPS Agreement of WTO. In accordance with the international management of technical barriers to trade of today, some deficiencies and shortcomings of this mechanism have been pointed out and the suggestions on further improvement put forward.According to the foreign trade development of China, this dissertation shows that technical barriers have become huge obstacles to the export trade of China. By thoroughly analyzing its causes, suggestions on breaking foreign technical barriers are given.It is true that technical barriers have been reduced and even removed partly through the joint efforts of the international society, but new technical barriers will appear with the development of the world technology and the intensification of the complexity of international trade relations, which can be proved in green technical barriers, Rules of origin and Labor Standards.更多还原