集装箱港口运输体系的形成机制与布局研究

【作者】 韩增林；

【导师】 徐效坡；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 集装箱运输是对杂货运输的一场革命，是工业领域内的标准化生产在运输中的成功移植。但这一过程是一个长期的渐变的过程，集装箱运输发展经历了初期、成长期、扩张期和成熟期。 作为一种新的运输方式，集装箱运输的形成和发展是全球经济一体化进程中经济发展的必然结果，它体现在世界海运货流结构的演变、跨国公司发展对运输的要求、运输技术进步等方面。 集装箱运输具有网络性、港口功能扩展性、班轮运输、多式联运等特征。集装箱运输过程由集装箱港口运输体系、集装箱内陆中转站体系、集装箱运输工具、集装箱运输通道组成的集装箱运输系统完成。 在集装箱运输发展过程中，形成了一个包括集装箱枢纽港、支线港在内的集装箱港口运输体系。集装箱港口运输体系形成机制在于集装箱运输中的规模经济。集装箱运输系统中存在着规模经济，这种规模经济体现在港口的规模经济、船舶的规模经济及内陆运输网络的规模经济三个方面。港口、船舶及内陆运输网络的规模经济相互影响，造成了集装箱港口功能在空间上的分化，形成了枢纽港和支线港、干线航班和支线航班，并形成了一个复杂的集装箱港口运输体系。集装箱港口运输体系处在一个动态的、不断演变的过程中，影响集装箱港口运输体系演变的因素是复杂而多样的，概括起来包括腹地经济的发展、集装箱港口条件及腹地运输网络的变化、国际分工与贸易的主要变化、体制与政策的变化及航运公司发展战略的调整等。 在集装箱港口运输体系中，国际集装箱枢纽港是其中最重要的组成部分，从全球的集装箱港口运输体系发展来看，仅有少数的集装箱港口能够成为全球性的国际集装箱枢纽港。作者研究了集装箱枢纽港的特点与形成条件，指出集装箱枢纽港的形成演化既是社会经济发展对运输发展的客观要求，也是集装箱运输自身发展的必然结果。它的形成和发展的原因是多方面的，港口腹地经济的水平与规模、港口自身的自然条件和城市依托条件、港口在国际航线中的位置等都影响集装箱枢纽港的形成和发展。在此基础上总结了全球集装箱枢纽港的三 集装箱港口运输体系的形成机制与布局研究种类型。国际集装箱枢纽港的特殊地位使得其在全球的经济发展中有着非常重要的地位，这种地位和作用随着综合物流时代的到来将更加突显其重要性，它使得集装箱港口的功能随着经济的不断发展而不断演变和提升。 在总结集装箱港口发展相关理论的基础上，论文对全球集装箱运输发展进行了研究。从世界集装箱运输的发展趋势来看，集装箱运输发展有三个基本的特征和趋势，即集装箱船舶和港口的大型化，集装箱港口的竞争更加激烈，亚洲日益成为世界集装箱货源中心。论文分析了全球主要国际集装箱枢纽港的发展与布局模式，包括中转型枢纽港，如新加坡:腹地引致型枢纽港，如鹿特丹港、纽约港;复合型枢纽港，如釜山。 随着我国对外开放步伐的加快，我国已成为世界集装箱运输发展最快的国家，也成为全球集装箱运输体系重要的组成部分。论文分析了我国集装箱运输的发展特点、趋势及面临的主要问题，指出集装箱港口空间血且规划已非常迫切和必要。论文用定性与定量相结合的方法，论述了我国集装箱枢纽港的整体布局。我国己形成南、中、北三个集装箱港群，香港和深圳成为我国南方国际集装箱枢纽港的地位己不可动摇;上海将成为我国中部的集装箱枢纽港;北方三港的竞争在短期内是不可改变的，正在成为区域性的集装箱枢纽港。在论证集装箱港口布局规划的基础上，提出了我国集装箱运输通道的规划设想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Container transportation is a revolution on sundry goods transportation. It is the standardized production in the field of industry applied to the transportation world. Container transportation went through a long period of gradual change and development, including the early stage, the growing-up stage, the expanding stage and the maturity stage. As a new type of transportation, its formation and development is the inevitable outcome of economic globalization, which is embodied in the following aspects: the composition of the marine cargo around the world has changed a lot, MNC requires first-class transportation, and the transportation technology has been improved dramatically.During the course of container transportation’s development, a transportation network system, which consists of the load center, the lateral port and CFS has come into being. The mechanism for the formation of container transportation lies in the scale economy of the container transportation, which is demonstrated by the scale economy of ports, the scale economy of vessels and the scale economy of inland transportation network. The three of them influences on each other, which leads to the spatial differentiation of the container transportation’s function. In consequence, the load center, lateral port, main line and branch line have been formed and constituted a complex container transportation network system. It is a dynamic and ever-changing system, which is determined by many complicated factors such as backland economy, various factors of container port, the changes in internationalindustrial division and international trade and the development of transportation technology.The international container hub port is the most important part in the system of container transportation network, but there are few ports have the opportunity to develop into international hub container ports. The author points out that the social economy objectively requires the development of hub container ports and analyzes a variety of elements causing the emergence and development of hub container port, which includes the level and scale of hinterland economy, the natural and social factors of the location on which the port is based and the international ranking status of the port. Then the author summarizes three formative patterns followed by most container ports: hinterland-magnetized ports, relaying hub container ports and compound hub container ports. International hub container ports play an important role in the development of the global economy. Its function will be strengthened upon the advent of logistics age.Have summarizing the relevant theory of container port; this paper studies the development of global container transportation. There are three basic trends in it: the container port and vessels are getting larger; the competition between container ports is more and more intense; Asia is turning to be the global cargo center increasingly. The paper analyzes the mode and background of some main international hub container ports, including the hinterland-magnetized load center, such as Singapore port; relaying hub container ports, such as New York port and Rotterdam port; the compound one, such as Pusan port.With the step-up of opening-up policy, container transportation inChina enjoys a rapid development and become an inseparable part of the international container transportation network as a whole. The paper analyzes the characteristics, tendency and the major problems with Chinese container transportation, and points out it is necessary to study the spatial layout of container ports as well. By virtue of qualitative and quantitative methods, the paper gives a picture of the overall distribution in China. Three container ports clusters have come into being in the south, the central region and the north of China respectively. Hong Kong port and Shenzhen port are the node port in the south; Shanghai, the node in the central region; the three major ports in the north are regional load centers at present day owin更多还原