【作者】 刘永湘；

【导师】 杨继瑞；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 政治经济学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 土地制度特别是农村土地产权制度既是一个十分复杂的理论问题，又是当前我国农业和农村发展利益关系最为复杂、引发矛盾最为尖锐的现实问题之一，从而历来是经济学者、管理者、决策者十分关心的问题。在人地矛盾尖锐、可持续发展成为人们共识的今天，农村土地产权制度创新成为理论和政策研究较为薄弱的方面，特别是伴随着中国各项改革步伐加快，全面建设农村小康社会的实施，新的经济形式和模式不断涌现，需要对中国农村土地产权制度创新问题进行深入的研究。 本文以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，以历史的观点、改革的观点和发展的观点来研究问题，采用微观分析与宏观分析、定性分析与定量分析、历史分析和逻辑分析、规范分析与实证分析相结合的方法，对新背景下对我国农村集体土地产权创新进行了土地经济学、制度经济学等多学科综合分析。 论文首先分析了作为整个论文分析基础的基本理论，分析农村土地的类型、农村土地产权内涵及其产权结构、土地承包权和经营权性质以及土地发展权问题等。其次，论文分阶段分析了中国农村土地产权制度变迁的脉络和新中国农村土地产权制度的变迁及其绩效，为进一步分析中国农村土地产权制度创新提供了历史基础。紧接着，论文先分析和评价了农用地“均田承包制”、“两田制”、“承包权固化”、“土地股份合作制”等不同的产权制度创新模式，着重分析和评价了农村建设用地制度创新模式如“安阳模式”、“苏州模式”、“芜湖模式”等，并对“四荒地”的流转模式进行了进行利评价。接下来，论文着力研究了农村土地产权价格，并按产权结构将其划分为所有权价格和使用权价格，对不同类型的土地价格进行了较为深入的研究;论文着重探讨了目前中国农村集体土地产权制度中存在的问题和矛盾，分别研究了目前农用地、建一设用地、未利用土地产权制度中存在的问题和矛盾，并提出了解决这些问题和矛盾的方案。最后，论文还对农村土地产权制度创新的外部运行环境如农村土地产权法制、农村土地地市场体系、农村剩余劳动力转移、农村社会保障和失地农民保障问题等进行了研究。 与同类型研究成果相比较，本文在以下儿个方面进行了新的探索: 1.克服了以往对农村土地产权制度创新问题的研究主要集中在农用地，而对建设用地和未利用土地的产权制度创新比较忽视或者有论述但语焉不详的弊端，把除农用地以外的其他土地特别是非农业建设用地的产权制度创新纳入了分析框架，使研究内容完整覆盖了整个农村土地，使农村集体土地产权制度创新问题研究的覆盖面达到了较宽的广度。 2，要解除对农民集体所有土地发展压抑，并对土地所有者进行土地发展权价值补偿，在土地所有权和使用权交易价格中;‘应引入土地发展权价值。对土地所有者进行土地发展权价值补偿的办法是通过对农用地和非农业用地进行分等定级和基准地价评估，以此为基础，再考虑各方面的因素，按公益性质和非公益性质实行土地征用与征购，分别确定对集体经济组织和农民的补偿。同时，重视土地发展权补偿的转换，农民有权以原生产要素的实际拥有者参与分配，土地收益中的相当部分要用来保障农民失地后的基本生活需要。 3.提出了要解除对非农业建设用地流转的限制，允许农村土地的所有者或者使用者能够在互为竞争性的用途之间做出科学合理的选择与取舍。论文认为，要用发展的眼光分析和评价20世纪90年代中期以来全国各地出现的农村集体建设用地流转问题，指出全国各地自发出现的农村集体建设用地流转是市场经济的必然产物，只能逐步规范，而不能采取“堵”或者限制的办法。 4.提出了利用土地产权交易价格调节制度创新活动和平衡创新利益分配。论文认为绝对地租、垄断地租、级差地租I、级差地租n(A)(即农民集体连续追加投资形成的级差地租)、级差地租H(B)(即农户投资形成的级差地租)是各类型土地使用二，，二权价格形成基础，而市场价格则是在此基础上受市场供求等因素影响的价格。 5.提出了农村土地产权制度的变革既包括农村土地所有制的变革，又包括农村土地使用制度的变革，而后者是农村土地产权制度变革的主要方面，其变革的方向和力度最终决定一种产权制度的经济绩效。 6.提出了过公法私法化，建立健全土地权属制度，逐步规范流转行为。论文认为，通过明确土地产权，避免“公地悲剧”的蔓延，一是私法化，明确土地的资源性物权，建立土地市场，便利土地权利流转，实现土地经济效益最大化;二是加强土地的保护，尤其是耕地的保护，以保证我国的粮食安全与生态安全。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land system, especially rural land property system, is not only a complicated theoretical issue, but one of the practical issues in China agriculture and rural development in which interest relationship is extremely complicated and the contradictions triggered are very sharp, which draws much attention from economists, administrators, and decision-makers. Under the condition that man and land contradiction is very sharp and sustainable development become the public consensus and governments’ promises, rural land property system innovation comes to be the weak point of theoretic and policy studies. With the speedup of the steps of various reforms in China, the implementation of overall buildup of rural well-off society, and the mushrooming of new economic forms and modes, the study of China rural land property system innovation becomes necessary.The dissertation takes Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, and Jiang Zemin "Three Represents" Important Thought as guiding ideas. It studies the problems in a historical, reform and development view. It adopts the methods of combination of microanalysis and macro-analysis, quantitative and qualitative analysis, historical and logical analysis, and regular and affirmative analysis to analyze comprehensively China rural collective land property system innovation from aspects of land economics and system economics.The dissertation firstly analyzes the basic theory, which makes the analytic basis of the dissertation. It analyzes the types of rural lands, the connotation of rural landproperty right and its property right structure, and issues about land contract right, the nature of management right, and land development right. Secondly, based upon that, the dissertation analyzes the evolution outlines of China rural land system of different periods, the vicissitude and the achievements of New China rural land property system, which provides historical basis for further analysis of China rural land property right system innovation. Thirdly, the dissertation analyzes and evaluates various rural land property system innovation modes including System of Equal Land Allotments, Two-tier Land Tenure System, scale management, Solidification of Contract Right, and Land Share Co-operative System. Then, the dissertation focuses on analysis and evaluation of rural construction land system innovation modes such as An’yang Mode, Shuzhou Mode, Wuhu Mode, etc. The dissertation evaluates Four-waste Land circulation modes. Then, the dissertation focuses study on rural land property right prices, which are classified into two categories: ownership price and user property right price according to property structure, and makes deep study of various types of land prices. Lastly, the dissertation probes with concentration into problems and contradictions existing in current China rural collective land property system. The dissertation analyzes the premise for further rural land property right system innovation. Then, the dissertation respectively probes into problems and contradictions in current land property systems of agricultural land, construction land, and unused land. At last, the dissertation puts forward solution to the problems and contradiction. Besides, the dissertation also studies external running environment for rural land system innovation, such as land market system, rural social security, and rural population transference.The dissertation has the following innovative points in comparison with the research results of the same sort.1. The previous researches pay little attention to those land property right system innovations other than that for agricultural lands, such as that for construction lands and unused lands. The dissertation makes up the shortage and takes land property right system innovations for non-agriculture into study framework. So thestudy completely covers all types of rural lands, and the scope of study of rural collective land property right system innovation is enlarged unprecedentedly.2. It is necessary to remove t更多还原