从教育现代化到教育全球化

【作者】 邬志辉；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 “教育与社会发展”，一直是教育基本理论的核心问题之一，在社会转型条件下，这一问题尤为教育理论界所关注。从市场经济与教育、现代化与教育，到知识经济与教育、全球化与教育，都是这一问题的发展谱系。全球经济一体化、中国加入WTO，以及其他领域的全球化倾向既对中国教育提出了新要求，也给中国教育带来了新挑战。在全球化背景下，教育的作用具有双重性，它既可以成为提升国家全球竞争力的助动器和抑制全球经济离心力的缓冲器，也可能相反。教育如何应对全球化挑战，以彰显教育的积极功能，是本文探讨的中心主题。 本文由五部分构成： 第一部分 导论：挑战就是机遇。文章从探讨教育发展研究的两种分析框架(教育现代化和教育全球化)及其理论预设(社会进化论和社会冲突论)入手，分析了全球化的五种界定模式和教育全球化的两个基本特征，提出了全球化背景下中国教育如何变革、应对挑战的问题，研究了中国开展教育全球化研究应当持有的两种前理解：全球化视野中的民族主义和后现代观照下的现代主义。 第二部分 全球化背景下中国教育制度面临的挑战。文章分析了教育全球化的三种制度性先兆，即教育国际贸易化、教育产业经营化和教育权力分散化，探讨了全球化背景下教育制度变革背后的四个理论问题，即教育产业还是教育事业、政府干预还是市场调节、教育平等还是教育效率，以及专业自由还是民主决策，最后指出了教育全球化对中国教育市场、教育结构和办学体制的挑战及其应对策略。 第三部分 全球化背景下中国教育目标面临的挑战。文章从历史角度分析了由市民社会向全球社会变迁过程中教育目标的变动趋向，即从“国家公民”到“世界公民”，以及可能带来的民族认同危机，探讨了全球化背景下世界公民应有的素质目标，即培养和谐世界的完人、全球社会的国民和地球祖国的球民，最后指出了教育全球化对中国创新教育、素质教育和公民教育的挑战及其应对策略。 第四部分 全球化背景下中国课程改革面临的挑战。文章从分析现时代关于课程全球化的四种哲学观即新全球主义、新自由主义、后现代主义和反全球主义入手，探讨了全球化挑战下课程改革的五种主要国际趋势，即双语课程、环境课程、创新课程、发展课程和国际理解课程，最后指出了教育全球化对中国课程目标、课程结构、课程管理和课程实施的挑战及其应对策略。 第五部分 结语：问题与沉思。文章跳出具体的教育问题，分析了教育应对社会转型而不断变革的必然性和教育基本理想的永恒性，总括性地探讨了教育全球化或全球化背景下教育的基本含义，以及教育全球化与教育现代化、教育全球化与教育国际化、教育全球化与教育国家化、教育全球化与教育民族化、教育全球化与教育地方化之间的关系，最后指出了在全球化背景下中国教育学的历史使命。更多还原

【Abstract】 Education and social development is always one of the key problems in the basic theories of education. This problem is paid close attention by the theory circles of education in the condition of social transformation. From market economy and education, modernization and education to knowledge economy and education, globalization and education are all the developmental pedigrees of the problem. The unitization of" global economy, the joining WTO of China and the globalization trend in other fields not only put forward new demands to Chinese education, but also bring new challenges. In the background of globalization, the functions of education have dual natures, it may both become the booster in piomoting the national competitive force and the buffer in prohibiting the global economic centrifugal force, and may become the opposite. How to deal with the challenges of globalization in education, and demonstrate education’s positive functions is the main subject of the thesis.This thesis is composed of five parts.Part one, introduction: challenge is opportunity. From probing into the two analysis frames of educational development research(the modernization of education and the globalization of education), and its theory hypotheses(the theory of social evolution and the theory of social conflict),the thesis analyses the five definition models of globalization and the two essential features of globalization of education, poses the questions how to reform, how to cope with the challenges in the background of globalization in Chinese education, studies the two pre-understandings which should hold in carrying out the research of globalization of education in China: the nationalism in the field of vision of globalization and the modernism from the view of post-modernism.Part two, challenges for educational system of China in the background of globalization. The thesis analyses the three indications in the face of the system of globalization of education, that is the international trade of education, the industrial management of education, and the power decentralization of education. Inquires into the four theoretical problems behind the educational system in the background of globalization: education is industry or education is undertaking, interfered by government or regulated by market, pursuing educational equality or seeking educational efficiency, and decided liberally by the specialist or decide democratically by the related people. At last points out the challenges of the globalization to Chinese educational market, educational structure, the system of running schools and its corresponding strategies.Part three, Challenges for the educational aim of China in the background of globalization.From the point of view of history, the thesis analyses the changing trends towards the educational aim in the course of social change from civil society to global society, that is from nation citizenship to world citizenship, and the crisis of national identity that would bring about, discusses the quality aim of the world citizenship that should hold in the background of globalization: to train the perfect man in the harmonious world, the national citizen in the earth motherland. At last points out the challenges of globalization to Chinese education for innovation, quality-oriented education, citizenship education and its corresponding strategies.Part four, challenges for curriculum reform of China in the background of globalization. Analyzing from the four philosophy outlooks about the world class curriculum at present new-globalism, new-liberalism, post -modernism and anti-globalism, the thesis discusses the five major international trends towards the curriculum reform under the challenge of globalization, that is bilingual curriculum, curriculum for environment, curriculum for innovation, curriculum for development and curriculum for international understanding. At last points out the challenges of globalization to Chinese curriculum aim, curriculum structure, curriculum administration, curriculum imp更多还原