【作者】 刘志强；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 物理化学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 本报告的第一部分的研究目的是研究煅烧高岭土和漂白高岭土表面有机改性的较佳工艺条件和它们在PVC塑料／电缆料中的应用。为此，开展了一系列的应用基础方面的研究。研究内容如下： 1、采用廉价的铝钛酸酯偶联剂，对煅烧高岭土进行表面改性，探索了较佳的改性条件，改性效果优良； 2、利用醋酸钾的吸潮性质对漂白高岭土进行化学剥片后制得超细的片层材料，经低温煅烧后得到煅烧剥片超细高岭土。对片层高岭土和煅烧剥片超细高岭土再进行表面改性，有效活化性指数高达88％； 3、将表面改性后的煅烧高岭土和漂白高岭土应用于商品PVC电缆料里，研究其对PVC电缆料的电绝缘性能和力学性能的影响，力学性能有较大提高，但体积电阻率有所下降； 4、将表面改性后的煅烧高岭土和剥片煅烧漂白高岭土应用于PVC塑料里，讨论了其对PVC塑料的电绝缘性能和力学性能的影响，力学性能和电绝缘性能都有很大提高，分别提高了33.6％和10倍，超过了J-70电缆料的要求，达到了JGD-70电缆料的要求，并且填充量可高至20份，可以进一步降低成本。 本报告的第二部分研究了TiO₂的光敏化等改性方法及其光催化性能。研究内容如下： 1、通过Sol-Gel法可以合成出具有高比表面积、孔径适宜且分布窄的锐钛矿型TiO₂粉体。在甲基橙光催化氧化脱色试验中，以P123和PEG4000为模板剂的锐钛矿型TiO₂具有较高的脱色速率，而以丙三醇和尿素为模板剂的锐钛矿型TiO₂的脱色速率较低。 2、太阳光下复合催化剂SO₄^2-／TiO₂／NCF对甲基橙溶液的光催化脱色明显加快，是TiO₂的4.4倍。太阳光下的光催化脱色速率远远大于在110 W高压钠灯下的脱色速率。光敏化的光催化剂脱色速率快于相应的TiO₂或SO₄^2-／TiO₂的脱色速率。将二氧化钛的光敏化作用与超强酸化作用结合起来是一种提高光催化效果的有效方法。 3、利用PVC粉末制备的TiO₂粉末对甲基橙的脱色速率小于相应的Sol-Gel法制备的TiO₂粉末。 4、对于高浓度的有机染料如100mg／l的甲基橙、丁基罗丹明B和茜素红，使用更多还原

【Abstract】 The objective of the thesis’s part 1 is developing the application of surface treated kaolin as modifier into PVC cable sheath. A series of application basic researches have been carried out on kaolin. The reasearch contents and results are shown in the following.1. kaolin DB-1 was surface treated by coupling agent OL-AT1618, the effect of organic modification is very excellent.2. Potassium acetate was intercalated into Layered kaolin CB-1 in the mositure air and peeled by water washing. The peeled kaolin and calcined peeled kaolin were surface treated by OL-AT1618, and the value of Effect Activation Index, 88%, illustrate that the effect of organic modification is very excellent, too.3. The modified kaolin DB-1 and CB-1 were added into the PVC cable sheath as insulating modifiers. The relation between the content of insulating modifiers with electric property and dynamics properties were invesitigated. The volume resistivity index is less than pure PVC cable raw.4. The modified calcined peeled kaolin and other kaolins were added into the PVC cable sheath as insulating modifiers. The relation between the content of insulating modifiers with electric properties and dynamics properties were invesitigated. It was found that Surface Modification of Calcined Peeled Kaolin gave the best performance, and the suitable amount of insulating modifier is 10-20 parts by mass.更多还原