中国纺织建设公司研究

【作者】 金志焕；

【导师】 吴景平；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 抗战胜利后，复工的停滞及物资不足引起了物价上涨、工潮等严重的社会问题，尤其是棉制品等日用必需品，供需矛盾突出，成为游资的主要投机对象。棉业统制政策对于物价稳定、社会安定以及战后工业建设有着密不可分的关系，成为国民政府战后重要经济政策之一。因此，国民政府以接收日伪纺织企业组织建立当时被称为世界上最大纺织企业集团的中国纺织建设公司(简称中纺公司)。 1945年至1949年间是国民政府在大陆统治的最后一段时期。棉业是近代中国最大的产业部门，而且棉业资本家是国民政府阶级基础的最大组成部分，因此棉业政策在国民政府的经济政策中均占据着重要地位。本文以中国纺织建设公司为中心，研究抗战胜利后国民政府棉业统制政策的演变，力图揭示战后资产阶级与国民政府的关系，以及这一政策对社会经济的重大影响。 中纺公司在纺织事业管理委员会、纺织事业调节委员会、全国花纱布管理委员会等棉业统制机构之管制下，从成立初期至1949年接管之前一贯坚持推行棉业统制政策。中纺公司与国民政府的棉业统制政策对于战后复工以及平抑纱布价格问题上起了一定的作用。经过八年抗战后，整个工业经济相当缓慢，相对而言，纺织工业生产的恢复则是较快的。 虽然中纺公司的限价抛售政策产生了一定的效果，但尤其是1948年以后通货膨胀的过程中，纱布价格已经不能控制。更严重的是国民政府的硬性限价政策跟棉业资本家的利益根本形成了矛盾关系，两者之间的关系也随之走向破裂。终于，国民政府失去了其主要阶级组成基础的支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the end of the Anti-Japanese War, the KMT government had to face several serious problems: the restoration of industrial production was constantly delayed and the shortage of consumer materials was severe. Moreover, there were problems in regulating supplies and demands in daily necessities, especially cotton products, which eventually became the major target of the floating speculation capital. Obviously, the stabilization of cotton products prices was urgent to maintain social orders and to recover the Chinese industry, therefore, it became the most significant part in the KMT economic policy. To solve this problem, the KMT took over the Japanese Cotton Industry in China and built the China Textile Industries Inc., arguably the biggest textile company in the world.The cotton industry was one of the most important industrial sector in the Chinese economy during the period from 1945 to 1949, when the KMT launched its final step toward the unification of China .In this sense, its policy on the cotton industry was very significant to the KMT. Focusing on the China Textile Industries Inc., this paper examines the changes of the KMT policy on the Chinese cotton industry after the Anti-Japanese War and subsequently explores the relationship of the KMT to the Chinese bourgeois class and its economy.Under the guidance of several councils (including the Textile Industry Control Commission, the Textile Industry Regulation Commission, the National Cotton, Yarn, and Cotton Product Control Commission), the China Textile Industries Inc. pursued a severe control on the cotton industry until it was taken over by the CCP in 1949. It can be said that the China Textile Industries Inc. and the KMT policy on the cotton industry played an important role in recovering the Chinese industrial production and stabilizing its cotton product prices. Compared to other industries, which took more time to restore after the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, the cotton industry was notably recovered within a short time.Even though it is certainly true that the severe policies of the China Textile Industries Inc. managed to control the cotton product prices, however, the inflation since 1948 made such policies and efforts ineffective. Moreover, the KMT severe control on prices was obviously conflicted against the Chinese bourgeois in the cotton industry. Such contradiction eventually broke off the relationship of the KMT to the Chinese bourgeois class, the very base of the KMT political power, and finally brought the collapse of the KMT government.更多还原