【作者】 沈中元；

【导师】 俞正樑；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 国际关系， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 本文主要目的即在于探究全球化下非政府组织的兴起与发展，非政府组织内部运作时产生的课题，非政府组织与外环境互动时，非政府组织与非政府组织彼此之间的互动关系，及在非政府组织对政府及对市场的关系中，产生的公私协力关系(Parternership)，可能出现的影响与运作方式。 这样的讨论，一方面是藉由对非政府组织发展趋势的了解，来厘清全球化在其中扮演的角色；另一方面，则是从非政府组织本身的角色出发，观察其作为第三部门(Third sector)跨领域甚至是跨国际的表现，所带给人们日常生活的作用。此外，非政府组织本身做为一个特殊独立自主的领域，除了反应出外在环境与其互动的关系之外，本身组织内部因应环境所生成的变化，也是本文研究的课题。 国际关系理论的发展已经从国家中心论(state-centric)演进到跨国主义(Transnationalism)、互赖理论(Interdependence)、国际机制(International Regimes)、与多元主义(Pluralism)的产生，政府以外的民间力量结合，正日渐扩大其在国际关系间的影响力，如何藉由非政府组织不同途径的研究，观察国际关系中影响因素的质变与量变，变成为二十一世纪新兴的研究课题。 非政府组织之所以被称为第三部门其实是对应第一部门及第二部门而生成的，在国际关系与非政府组织的互动中，除了反应出二者之间一消一长的局势之外，其背后的基本预设应该是三个部门的运作逻辑，因为国与国之间的互动关系必须被放在全球的运作下进行观察，也就是说国际关系与非政府组织的互动中虽然呈现的是二造之间互动，但这二者是在全球运作的逻辑之下互动的，因此我们必须纳入全球运作的其它相关法则，才能看出整体的模式轮廓。 本文以协力关系大胆假设未来政府的治理模式，就是认为各种公私部门的互动模式，基本上虽具有时间发展上之顺序，不过要以何种模式来进行合作，则应视环境变化来决定，且模式并非固定不动、互相排斥的，一个时空界域可能同时存在着不同合作模式且可以交叉解释，因应任务，环境，议题以及因互动成员的物质进行调整，当然合作模式及是一种动态性的描述，其也可能因为上述各因素的改变而自然产生变化。 在强调政府与社会互动的治理观点下，政府已开始转换其角色，政府不再是独立于社会之外的控制者，而是政府与社会互动更大架构中的参与者，扮演社会共同演化的推手之一；而私部门亦不只是技术发展上被动的接受者，而是积极主动的创造者，成为政府在促进公共服务工作上的伙伴。 本文并提出全球化下非政府组织发展的具体策略有：1．全球化(区域整合及国际化）2．信息化（网际网络的环境互动）3．协力化（非政府组织对政府及企业的伙伴关系）4．决策化（透过游说多方影响政府决策过程）5．治理化（全球治理下的国际秩序的主要趋势）6．专业化（知识管理所造成的专业革命）7．产业化（自给自足所引发的自主产业建构）8．法制化（松绑及弹性的法制规范）9．公关化（重视行销及公关带来的影响效益）10．联盟化（议题结盟与异类结盟）11．透明化（财务管理及征信制度透明公开）12．社区化（社群主义带来本上行动的反思）。就是检验国际现势及未来公民社会的可能发展，认为中国应该先期准备因应的发展策略。 在全球化背景下，中国面对前所未有的机会，也遭遇前所未曾的挑战。随着加入WTO，大陆经贸系统己与世界接轨，因此中国积极强调经济及政治的战略性调整，经济上推动全方位、多层次、宽领域的对外开放，进一步朝向市场化、国际化及法制化的发展；政治上提高公民参与，逐步松绑非政府组织参与之法制基础，释出公民参与决策的民主空间。中国能不能在这一波全球化浪潮下调整体质，引进且壮大非政府组织的力量，其实是这个世纪中国民间力量与政府合作机制的重大突破。 全球化带来资本的流动与投资，已对中国近20多年来的改革开放起了积极作用。世界妇女运动、环保运动、社会救济及教育改革的各种倡议式社会运动，也随着非政府组织快速成长获得连结，中国已从“社会主义市场经济”的实践经验以及全球国家的发展模式中得到先驱经验，国家与非政府组织，成为主导产业结构调整的重要力量。全球化下多元治理己成改革开放后，经济体制社会建制快速松绑与自主的必经之路，社会结构分化不再以国家治理权力为唯一依归，推动社会转动的公益问题，推动民主改革的政治问题，推动均富社会的经济问题，都使得非政府组织聚集了许多社会力，正透过决策系统与协力关系互动，希望带来更多善治kood governance）的公民社会。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main purpose of this study is to discuss the rising and development of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) under globalize, the topics of interior operation in NGOs, the interaction between NGOs and the outside environment, the Parternership caused from NGOs to governments and markets, and the possible effects and the ways of operating.This study is to clear the role-play of globalization in the NGOs through the understanding of the future trend and development of NGO; on the other hand, it is from NGO itself as the third sector to observe the performance of its crossing fields or even crossing nations and to consider how it affects people’s everyday life. In addition to reflecting the interaction with the outside environment, NGO as is an unique field, the NGO’s interior changes resulted from adapting to environment is also discussed in the study.The development of international relationship’s theory has moved from state-centric to "Transnationalism," "Interdependence," "International Regimes," "Pluralism." The union of people’s strength besides governments is enlarging its effect among international relationship. How to use the different approaches of research about NGOs to observe variables’ qualitative change and quantitative change among international relationship is becoming the new topic in 21st century.NGOs is called the third sector, in fact, is the response to the first sector and the second sector. It reflects one’s growing and the other’s declining between the interaction of international relationship and NGOs, and the behind predictions should be the third sector’s operating logic because the interaction between nations has to be zooming under globalization. That is, the interaction between international relationship and NGOs which only shows each other’s, but their interaction is under the logic of global operation, so we should include other related rules about global operation, then we can see the general shape of whole pattern.This study has bold predictions about the ruling patterns of future government by Partnership, that is, the interaction patterns among different kinds of public or private divisions. Basically they have the chronological development. It depends on the environmental change to decide the cooperative patterns, and they are not fixed or expelling. Different cooperative patterns can co exit and be explained intersectly, and responding to missions, environment, issues and members’ characteristics adaptation is going on anytime. Surely the cooperative pattern is the kind of dynamic description,it may also change naturally due to the factors mentioned above switching.Emphasizing the ruling perspective between the interaction of government and society, the government has changed its role. It’s no longer a controller that is independent from the society, it’s a participant in the bigger structure that interacts between the government and the society, and plays one of the push hands which the society evolves together. The private division is not only the passive receiver of technical development, but the active creator who becomes the partner of improving the job of public service in the government.This study also provides the concrete strategies about NGOs under globalization. They are including: A. Globalize. (The arrangement between the area and internationalization.) B. Informationalize. (The interaction with the environment of internet.) C. Partnerize. (The partnership between the government and business towards NGO.) D. Policy Making (To variously effect the process of government’s policy making through lobbying.) E. Governize. (The future trend of international orders under Global Governance.) R. Professionalize. (The professional revolution results from the knowledge management.) G. Manufacturize. (The self-sufficiency results in self-sufficiently manufacture establishment and structure.) H. Legalize. (Loosen or reflex able law and arrange. I.Publicize. (Emphasizing the side effect from marketing and public.) J. Leagueize. (Events’ leagues and更多还原