【作者】 王东；

【导师】 董志翘；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 郦道元的《水经注》是北魏时期的一部重要文献，其语言既有对上古汉语的继承，又体现出许多中古汉语的特色，出现了不少新词新义和口语词。对《水经注》词汇系统作全面研究将会对汉语史的研究有重要意义。本文就是对《水经注》词汇做的一次初步尝试研究。文中运用同时期的史书、小说、诗文、佛经、科技书、杂著等材料，把共时描写和历时分析相结合，继承传统训诂学的研究方法，以现代语言学、词汇学的理论为指导进行研究。 全文分四章对书中的词汇展开具体讨论：《水经》与《水经注》、《水经注》词汇系统概貌、《水经注》中的新词和新义、《水经注》中的词汇发展变化等。既有对前人研究成果的借鉴，又有自己的新发现。通过对《水经注》中大量词语的个案研究分析，揭示了《水经注》中所反映的汉语词汇现象，并对此作了相应的理论概括，得出了汉语词汇发展中的某些规律。 第一章介绍了《水经》与《水经注》的相关背景和国内外学者从不同角度研究《水经注》的现状。着重回顾了从语言学角度(主要是语音和词汇)研究《水经注》取得的成果。分析了系统研究《水经注》词汇滞后的原因。结合具体实证指出《水经注》词汇研究在汉语史研究中的价值；在大型语文性辞书编纂工作以及《水经注》的校勘等方面的作用。 第二章主要讨论《水经注》中词汇系统概貌。揭示出《水经注》词语的五种来源：上古词语的继承、中土文献通行语、佛教道教语、方言词语以及作者的创新。具体讨论了佛教道教语、方言词语、分析了作者创新的语言大背景。揭示出作者创新的词语不能进入语言中流传的根本原因是作者取材于当时的书面语系统，而不是口语系统。 第三章主要讨论了《水经注》中的新词和新义。这些新词和新义主要来源于中土文献通行语和作者的创新。具体讨论了这两类新词152个，新义67个。其中对一些词语有较深入的考证。 第四章主要讨论了《水经注》中词汇的发展变化。从并列式、偏正式、支配式、附加式和补充式等方面探讨了双音化的特点:并列式和偏正式仍然是主要构词方式;支配式在数量上较前代有长足的发展，是构词法的一大进步。附加式有时代的影子。出现了真正意义上的补充式，不过数量不多。又从俗词源、凝缩和化用等角度探讨了另外三种新的构词方式。让我们看到《水经注》中构词方式的多样性和复杂性。分析了异文中反映的常用词使用情况。文言词和口语性较强的常用词的交叠使用，让我们能清楚地看到《水经注》的词汇系统是一个文白夹杂的词汇系统。又从引申、语法影响和修辞影响等方面探讨了《水经注》中的词义演变方式。 从以上研究可以看出，《水经注》词汇系统比较复杂，既有对上古词汇系统的继承，又有受中古时期汉语发展大趋势影响而产生的创新。既有古雅的文言词的存在，又有当时通行语和口语性较强的常用词的选用。构词方式灵活，词义演变方式多样。 最后，文章以专题和附录的形式讨论了《水经注》中其它词汇现象。《水经注》在性质上是一部地理学著作，地名很多，地名中也蕴涵了较多的词汇现象，值得探讨。得出地名中也反映出汉语发展的大趋势:由单音节向双音节发展、由单纯词向复合词发展。附录中主要讨论前人译注《水经注》时出现的一些词语解释错误，这些词语多数为中古词语，从中可以看出，《水经注》中保留了不少具有中古特色的词语和词义。同时也说明要译注好这部不朽名著，对《水经注》词汇进行系统研究是必不可少的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Li Daoyuan’s Notes on Book of Waterways was an important document in the North Wei ( ) .The language of the book inherited the ancient Chinese Language. And there were some new features of the Medieval Chinese Language in it. Such as, gave birth to some new words ,new meanings and some colloquialisms. The study of the vocabulary of Notes on Book of Waterways will be benefit to the study of the history of Chinese Language. The dissertation is the attemptable study on the lexicon of Notes on Book of Waterways .Using the contemporary material of history books, fiction, poetry, Buddhist scriptures and other miscellaneous literature, based on the diachronic and the synchronic analysis methods, inherited the study methods of the traditional study, used for reference the modern linguistic theory and the modern lexical theory. Hence this dissertation comprises four chapters .Chapter I Introduced to the correlation background of the Book of Waterways and Notes on Book of Waterways, the study status in quo from different aspects .Looked back mainly the study fruit of Notes on Book of Waterways from the philology aspect(mainly the phonetics and lexics). Analysed the reason that the lexicon study was very lag. Pointed out the value of the study lexicon of Notes on Book of Waterways in the study history of Chinese Language, and in the emendation of Notes on Book of Waterways and so on .Chapter II In the chapter we discussed the general picture of the lexicon system of Notes on Book of Waterways. Opened out the five sources of the lexicon system: the ancient Chinese language, native secular literature, Buddhist scriptures and Taoism , dialect words and the author’s creation etc. Discussed mainly thewords of Buddhist scriptures and Taoism , dialect words. Analysed the linguistic background of the author’s creation. And found the fact that the words of the author’s creation didn’t come down was because that author selected the contemporary literary language system (shu mian yu) not the colloquial language system.Chapter III In this chapter we mainly compare the new words and newmeanings found in Notes on Book of Waterways with their counterparts in the Grand Dictionary of ChineseLanguage. And discussed new words , newmeanings .Fromthechapter ,we can see the birth of a mountain of new words and new meanings in Notes on Book of Waterways.Chapter IV In this chapter we mainly discussed the development and change of the lexicon of Note onBookojWaterways. Pointedout thecharacteristics ofdisyllabication from copulative compound ,domination compound, additive compound, complement compound and so on.And discussed other three kinds of forming words :folk etymology, contraction, huayong ( ) Discussed themeanings evolvement ways from the explication, grammatical influence and rhetoricalinfluence .All in all, the vocabulary system of Notes on Book ofWaterways is a system which literary language commix colloquial language .In the end , we discussed the place names in the book . Notes on Book of Waterways is a famous geography document, so ,a mountain of place names in it. These place names contain a little of linguistic information. They were worth of studying. In the appendix, we correct some wrong interpreted words in the FullTranslation about Notes on Book of Waterways.更多还原