【作者】 罗宁；

【导师】 罗固源；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 市政工程， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 随着水体富营养化问题的严重，城市污水处理厂的工艺设计必须考虑同时脱氮除磷。现有的生物脱氮除磷机理认为生物脱氮与生物除磷是两个相互独立、相互竞争的生理过程。按此机理设计的生物脱氮除磷工艺不仅在理论上，而且在实际运行中都面临硝化菌与聚磷菌在污泥龄上的矛盾，以及反硝化菌与聚磷菌竞争有机物等难题。在导师指导下，笔者通过对近年来有关反硝化吸磷现象报道的研究和深入思考，认为：1）生物脱氮与生物除磷可能是两个相对独立，又相互交叉的生理过程；2）有可能将反硝化和生物吸磷合二为一，解决目前生物脱氮除磷面临的问题。为此，本论文主要开展了下列研究内容：1）硝酸盐对聚磷菌释磷、吸磷的影响和快速脱氮；2）反硝化吸磷过程中的超量吸磷和HAc、TP和NO3－三者的比例关系；3）双泥生物反硝化除磷脱氮工艺及其运行工况；4）双泥生物反硝化除磷脱氮工艺的微生物组成及生化特性；5）生物反硝化除磷脱氮的机理；6）反硝化吸磷脱氮的定性定量动力学模型等。在具体的试验研究过程中，进行了下列5阶段的试验研究：1）在实验室利用人工合成污水，稳定运行一座污水生物处理试验装置（A/O/A/O-SBR），使其能出现缺氧吸磷现象，为反硝化吸磷试验提供含有反硝化聚磷菌DPB的、稳定的活性污泥；2）利用A/O/A/O-SBR试验装置提供的活性污泥，进行各种反硝化吸磷脱氮机理试验，为反硝化除磷脱氮工艺奠定基础；3）根据前两阶段的研究结果，参考文献资料，针对现有单泥系统的不足，提出双泥反硝化除磷脱氮系统工艺，并利用人工污水进行工艺运行试验；4）从双泥反硝化除磷脱氮工艺中取活性污泥，进行微生物研究；5）对前四阶段的研究试验结果进行机理总结和数学模型化。以上的研究结果，尤其是时间序列的双泥生物反硝化除磷脱氮系统工艺（2A/O+N 2SBR法）的稳定运行，不仅证明了生物脱氮与生物除磷是两个既相对独立又相互交叉的生理过程，其交叉点是同时拥有硝酸盐还原性和超量吸磷这两种生化特性的细菌（DPB）进行的反硝化吸磷脱氮生化反应，而且双泥系统工艺克服了常规单泥生物脱氮除磷工艺的两大问题（①聚磷菌和硝化菌的SRT相互干扰；②反硝化与生物除磷竞争VFA），同时保证了脱氮和除磷效果，排水指标达到污水综合排水标准（GB8978-1996）的一级标准，具有实际工程使用价值。本研究是国家“十五”科技攻关项目2001BA604A01子专题“简易高效活性污泥复合系统除磷脱氮技术研究与示范”的部分内容，其研究内容多为国内首次开展。<WP=5>本论文的研究工作可为进一步开展污水生物除磷脱氮的机理和工艺研究，提高二级污水处理厂的出水水质，减轻水环境污染提供一条新的途径。因此，本研究具有较好的实用价值和理论意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of aggravating water pollution, the design of municipal wastewater treatment processes must consider not only phosphorus removal, but also nitrogen removal. Current metabolisms deemes biological phosphorus removal and biological nitrogen removal are two different processs, which are independent and competitive.According to current metabolisms, biological phosphorus removal and nitrogen removal processes will have to face many difficult problems: the sludge age competition between phosphorus removing bacteria and nitrifier, the substrate competition between denitrification and dephosphatation, and so on. After study of literatures about denitrifying dephosphatation over recent years , author deems：1) Biological phosphorus removal and nitrogen removal processes are relative- independent and intersectant; 2)It is possible to combine biological phosphorus removal and denitrification processes to form a process.So, in this dissertation, the followings were studied:1）The effect of nitrate on phosphorus removal and rapid endogenous denitrification;2）How to make the denitrifying phosphorus uptake more than the anaerobic phosphate release. Relation between consumed-HAc、removed-TP and consumed-NO3－；3）Two-sludge biological denitrifying phosphorus and nitrogen removal system；4）Microorganism groups of Two-sludge system and bacterial metabolism；5）Metabolism of the biological denitrifying phosphorus and nitrogen removal process；6）Kinetic model of the biological denitrifying phosphorus and nitrogen removal process.The whole researchs of the dissertation were divided into five parts:1) The phenomenon of denitrifying dephosphatation was found in anoxic phase of the sequencing batch reactor（A/O/A/O）, which operated by synthetic waste water in laboratory. It means there is denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria（DPB） in the actived sludge of （A/O/A/O）SBR, which can provide constant sludge for the next study of denitrifying dephosphatation in laboratory;2) By experimenting with the sludge provided by（A/O/A/O）SBR, study the metabolism of denitrifying dephosphatation.3) According to references and the study results of the first two parts, author designed and operated a new sequencing batch reactor by synthetic wastewater. The new reactor is called biological denitrifying dephosphatation two-sludge system, which can<WP=7>remedy some shortcomings in current single-sludge systems.4) Microbiological experiments with the actived sludge which provided by two-sludge system were done;5) According to the study results of the forward four parts, author made a summary about the metabolism of denitrifying dephosphatation and theorized kinetic mode.According to the above study results, especially the steady operation of two-sludge system（2A/O+N 2SBR）, it can be proved that denitrification and excess phosphorus uptake are relatively independent and intersectant biological processes. The overlap is that denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria（DPB）which possesses the two bacterial metabolisms, could utilize nitrate as an electron acceptor for phosphorus uptake. The two-sludge system can not only combined biological phosphorus removal and denitrification processes to form a process in practical wastwater treatment , but also solved the main difficulties of current single-sludge systems:①the sludge age competition between phosphorus removing bacteria and nitrifier; ② the substrate competition between denitrification and dephosphatation. The effluent quality of two-sludge system is up to par with the first class of discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant（GB8978-1996）.The study of this dissertation belongs to the scientific research （2001BA604A01） of Tenth Five-Year plan in China. Most of the researchs were done for the first time in China.The results of the reserchs have showed great prospect in treated water quality improvement , have laid the foundation for advanced study of metabolism of the biological denitrifying dephosphatation in china. The更多还原