【作者】 李海朝；

【导师】 张世润；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 林产化工， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 废旧塑料对环境的危害已引起世界范围的关注。我们与其把它当作垃圾，还不如视为“新”的资源加以利用。事实上，国内外诸多专家学者在此方面已展开了广泛而深入的应用和基础研究，并取得了丰硕的成果。 废聚苯乙烯泡沫的量是巨大的，这一点就决定了它应该有多条合理的处理途径。活性炭是一种用途广泛的产品，而且随着经济的发展，社会将对它有更大的需求。我们所做的就是将这两种物质联系到一起，把废聚苯乙烯泡沫转化为炭化料和活性炭。 聚苯乙烯在通常的炭化条件下是不能被转化为炭化物料的。将聚苯乙烯泡沫磺化处理，然后炭化可以得到炭化料。用此方法600℃聚苯乙烯泡沫的炭化物得率可以达到80％。对此过程分别采用了热分析、红外分析和元素分析加以研究，并在此基础上对炭化机理进行了讨论。元素分析表明随着炭化温度的提高，炭化料中硫元素的含量逐渐增加，700℃炭化物中硫元素含量为15.01％。 用废聚苯乙烯泡沫制备活性炭，我们分别采用了物理法和化学法。化学法是以磷酸、氯化锌和氢氧化钾为活化剂，实验表明磷酸法粉状活性炭的比表面积可以达到1217.25m~2／g；灰分小于3％。优化工艺条件下的亚甲基蓝吸附值为11.7ml／0.1g；碘吸附值为1180mg／g。而以氯化锌和氢氧化钾为活化剂不能取得很好的活化效果，所制备的活性炭比表面积在500m~2／g以下。对于化学药品的回收也做了相应的实验，结果表明硫酸和磷酸可以实现分别回收。 物理法是以水蒸气为活化气体。并分别得到了定型颗粒活性炭、不定型颗粒活性炭和粉状活性炭。其中定型颗粒活性炭是用木焦油为粘合剂，最终产品的强度在85％以上，比表面积为1577.55m~2／g；实验中所制备的不定型颗粒活性炭和粉状活性炭的灰分含量不超过0.2％；碘吸附值达到1200mg／g；亚甲基蓝最高吸附值为18.0ml／0.1g。更多还原

【Abstract】 Waste plastics endangering the environment have aroused attention from worldwide. We take it as "new" resources and make comprehensive utilization rather than a garbage disposal. Actually, domestic and overseas experts have done application and background researches widely and deeply, and they have gained plentiful achievements at this aspect.Waste foam polystyrene (FS) has an enormous quantity, so that it should be disposed with more than one appropriate method. Activated carbons have being used widely, and with the economic growth, its supply should rise to meet the demand of society. What we have done is to prepare activated carbon using waste FS.The residue char can’t be obtained if waste FS is under common carbonized conditions. By carbonization after waste FS has been treated with concentrated sulfuric acid we got it. The yield of char is about 80% when waste FS is under a 600℃ carbonization temperature. Thermal analysis, FT1R and element analysis have be used to clarify this process, and based on it carbonization mechanisms have been discussed. Element analysis showed that the higher of the carbonization temperature, the higher sulfur content in the residue char. When we use a 700℃ carbonization temperature, the sulfur content in the residue is 15.01%.We prepared activated carbons from waste FS by physical and chemical method respectively. Phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide and zinc chloride were used as activating agents in chemical method. The surface area of powdered activated carbon prepared by Phosphoric acid method is 1217.25m2/g; and the ash content is less than 3.0%. Under optimized condition the 0.15% methylene blue adsorption value is 11.7ml/0.1g, and the iodine number is 1180mg/g. When used potassium hydroxide and zinc chloride as activating agents, the surface areas of the result activated carbons were not more than 500 m2/g. We also have done some corresponding experiments about recovery of chemicals; it is proved that H2SO4 and H3PO4 can be reclaimed respectively.Steam is used as an activating gas in physical method. Powdered activated carbon, shaped and unshaped activated carbon is made respectively. We used wood tar as a blending agent to produce shaped activated carbon and the abrasion resistance of it is larger than 85%; the BET surface area is 1577.55m2/g. The abrasion resistance of unshaped activated carbon is 80% and BET surface area is 1789.87m2/g. The ash contents of powdered activated carbon, and unshaped activated carbon prepared by physical method are less than 0.2%; the iodine number is 1200 mg/g; the maximum 0.15% methylene blue adsorption value is 18ml/0.1g.更多还原