【作者】 唐一源；

【导师】 宋鹤山；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 理论物理， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 21世纪是生命科学的世纪，生命科学中的核心内容之一是对大脑的研究和探索。语言是重要的人脑高级功能，阐明语言加工的脑机制对揭示人脑奥秘具有重要意义。同时，对语言加工区域的精确定位可以有效指导临床实践，其研究成果可以大大减轻或避免脑手术引起的失语症等严重后遗症，有重要的实用价值。 在多年语言认知的脑机制研究基础上，针对“西方拼音文字(如英文)国内外已开展了大量研究，但一些关键问题仍未获得肯定结论”的现状，联用认知心理学研究方法和先进的、整体无创的脑功能成像新技术以及最新的神经建模、量子信息学等方法，选择在形、音、义的脑加工方面与西方拼音文字明显不同的象形表意文字——中国汉语作为研究对象，利用汉字的特点，围绕语言认知中最基本的字词识别问题进行了五个不同层次、不同角度的系列实验，经过深入研究后发现： 1．汉语认知加工需要额叶、颞叶、顶叶、枕叶和小脑等脑区的广泛参与，没有明显不同于英文加工的特殊脑区参与，此结果与Tan et al的结论有所不同，但与Cabeza et al，Chee et al，Kuo et al，Li et al，Price et al，Vitacco et al等的研究结果一致。 2．汉语认知加工以左半球优势为主，与西方拼音文字的半球偏侧化规律相同，此结果进一步澄清了“汉语加工半球偏侧化”的问题。 3．汉字认知中任务难度的增加，伴随小脑负荷的增大，此结果澄清了“小脑激活是因为运动想象还是与任务难度增加有关”的疑问。 4．首次建立了汉语字词、拼音的功能联结模型，发现出声读汉字由M1(初级运动区)—SMA(辅助运动区)—Br(Broca区)回路调节，出声读汉语拼音由M1(初级运动区)—Br(Broca区)—Wn(Wernicke区)回路调节，结果表明，脑内信息加工模式由任务的语言特征调节。结果在脑功能成像领域著名SCI杂志Human Brain Mapping发表，并被引为封面。汉字认知的脑内信息加工模式5.在建立汉语字词、拼音的功能联结模型来描述汉字认知的脑内信息加工模式的基础上，尝试结合人类脑计划/神经信息学的综合集成方法，建立与国际接轨的汉语认知脑成像数据库，进行汉语认知脑成像数据的二次挖掘和知识发现。 总之，采用多学科交叉的理论和方法，把人脑作为一个复杂的信息处理系统来考虑，从整体和动态的角度鉴别参与汉语认知加工的关键脑区以及各脑区间的协同竞争关系和脑内信息加工模式，有利于对语言的神经机制做出更加全面的解释。由于几乎所有的脑高级功能都依赖于不同脑区的协同工作，因此我们所采用的研究方法和揭示的规律具有一定的普遍性。更多还原

【Abstract】 21st Century is the century of life science, one of its core field is the research for brain. Latest years, the global hotspot for brain research is the integration of theoretical physics, applied mathematics, information science and neuroscience.Language is the unique function for human beings. Chinese language is different from western languages because of its picture and meaningful characteristics. It’s different from alphabetic language system in the processing of word form, phonology and semantics. More research is conducted in alphabetic language system but debate still remains in several key problems.The research is designed to explore the mechanism of Chinese cognition in the level of information processing. The methods and techniques including Cognitive psychology, functional magnetic resonance imaging, neural modeling and quantum informatics, ect, are recruited in the research. In addition, systematic Human Brain Project and Neuroinformatics are also integrated in the research. The results of five well-designed experiments and related modeling analysis indicate the followings:1. Extensive brain regions are involved in Chinese cognition including frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and cerebellum, etc. There are no brain areas involved, which are unique to Chinese processing compared to English processing. The result is different from Tan’s but consistent to Cabeza etal, Cheeetal, Kuo et al, Li et al, Price et al, Vitacco et al.2. It’s same as the alphabetic language in laterality for Chinese cognition.3. As the difficulty of task increases in Chinese cognition, the more activationis found in cerebellum. The result indicates that the cerebellum activation is associated with task difficulty rather than motion imaging.4. The first functional neural modeling is set up for overt reading Chinese characters and "Pin Yin". Our results show that overt pinyin reading is associated with the following distributed regions involved in tongue movement:the primary motor cortex (Ml),the supplementary motor area (SMA),Broca ’s area,and Wernicke ’s area. Furthermore, we have demonstrated task-dependent covariance patterns that are strongly associated with the Ml mouth/tongue region, in which the Broca-Wernicke pathway is implicated in a meaning access procedure based on assembled phonology, while the SMA-Broca pathway is implicated in a meaning access procedure based on addressed phonology.5. The integrative methods of Human Brain Project and Neuroinformatics are also applied based on the neuroimaging results and modeling analysis. Neuroimaging Database for Chinese Cognition is established for data mining and knowledge discovery. As a result, it’s will be helpful for understanding the brain.更多还原