【作者】 金余其；

【导师】 严建华； 岑可法； 倪明江；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 工程热物理， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 城市生活垃圾的处理已成为困扰各国的环境难题。因焚烧法具有减容、减量、资源化等优点，在发达国家被广泛应用。随着经济的迅速发展，我国愈来愈多的城市开始采用或关注此技术。因此，如何保证城市垃圾的高效洁净稳定燃烧已成为我国垃圾焚烧处理亟需研究的课题。 本文研究主要包括以下三个方面： 1．垃圾典型组分燃烧基本特性的研究。 基于垃圾燃烧是几部分物质独立反应的结果且每部分物质在实验范围内动力学参数保持不变这一基本假定，建立了垃圾燃烧动力学模型，并通过热重试验求解了各垃圾典型可燃组分的动力学参数，根据该动力学模型拟合的失重及微分失重曲线在整个实验温度范围内与实验结果吻合良好，该动力学模型保证了动力学方程的连续性；研究了垃圾典型组分挥发分析出及焦碳燃烧、燃烧效率、主要气体污染物(CO、NO、HCl、dioxins)排放特性及运行参数对燃烧和排放的影响。 2．管式布风流化床基本特性的研究。 从理论和试验两方面研究了布风管的阻力特性和小孔流量均匀性，管子开孔率是影响布风管阻力特性和小孔流量均匀性的关键因素，改变进风方式可以改善布风管小孔流量均匀性，理论计算和试验结果吻合较好；通过冷态试验研究了管式布风流化床的临界流化风速、临界管间距、料层阻力及混合等特性，管式布风流化床布风的不均匀性及分区特性有利于垃圾中的可燃组分与床料达到较好的纵向混合；根据管式布风流化床内固体颗粒的运动特点，把管式布风流化床床层分为流化区和移动区，通过质量、动量和能量平衡等分析，建立了管式布风流化床的流体动力学模型，并计算分析了管式布风流化床内气固相的总体运动规律。 3．管式布风流化床垃圾焚烧的中试研究。 设计了直接处理原生垃圾的大型管式布风流化床焚烧试验炉，并进行焚烧试验。试验表明，该焚烧炉在处理原生垃圾时，具有良好的排渣性能和稳燃性浙江大学博士学位论文能，燃烧运行稳定，在合适的工况下，焚烧炉可保持较高的整体炉温，燃烧效率达96%以上，重金属、502、HCI、NO、二恶英排放都可达到或超过国家垃圾焚烧污染控制标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 Municipal solid waste (MSW) has become a serious environmental problem besetting each country. Because of its advantage of maximum volume/quantity reduction and energy recovery, MSW incineration has received wide application in the developed countries. With rapid development of the economy, MSW incineration has been adopted or paid attention to by more and more cities in China. Therefore, how to ensure efficient and clean combustion of MSW becomes an emergent subject which needs further research.This dissertation is composed of three main parts:Ⅰ. Study on the fundamental combustion characteristics of typical combustible components of MSW.Based on the basic hypothesis that each stage of MSW combustion indicates one part of independently reacting material and the corresponding kinetic parameters do not change within the range of experiment temperature, a consecutive combustion kinetic model of MSW was set up and the kinetic parameters of main typical combustible components of MSW were gained through thermogravimetric analysis. The TG and DTG curves regressed on the basis of the model give good agreement with the experimental results over the temperature range of room temperature to 1000℃. Furthermore, the combustion characteristics (including combustion efficiency, devolatilization characteristics and char combustion ), the emission of main gas pollutants (CO, NO, HCl,dioxins) and the effect of operating conditions (including such parameters as excess air, bed temperature and moisture content etc. ) on combustion and pollutants emission were also investigated.Ⅱ. Study on the fundamental characteristics of pipe-distributed gas fluidized bed.The pressure drop characteristics and flow evenness of pipe distributor were studied through theoretical analysis and experiments. The theoretical calculationagrees well with the experimental results. The hydrodynamic characteristics of pipe-distributed fluidized bed,such as minimal fluidizing velociy, bed material pressure drop ,critical pipe interval and the mixing of bed materials and model wastes ,were investigated through cold test. Test shows that the air unevenness in pipe distributed fluidized bed is helpful to the longitudinal mixing of bed materials and wastes. Based on the movement characteristics of solids in pipe-distributed fluidized bed, the bed is divided into two regions, moving region and fluidized region. The hydrodynamic model of pipe-distributed fluidized bed was built up in each region by mass and momentum balance analysis. The general movement regulation of gas and solids in pipe-distributed fluidized bed was calculated and analysed.Ⅲ. Design and Experimental Research of pilot pipe-distributed fluidized bed incinerator.A large scale pilot pipe-distributed fluidized bed incinerator to dispose crude MSW was designed and experimented. Experiments indicated that the novel fluidized bed incinerator had good performance in residue discharging and stable combustion. Under appropriate working conditions, high bed temperature and high combustion efficiency (greater than 96%) can be obtained, and at the same time the pollutants emission, such as SO2,HC1 , NO,dioxins ,heavy metal,can reach or overreach the National emission control standard for MSW incineration.更多还原