【作者】 金其贯；

【导师】 冯美云；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 流行病学研究表明，耐力运动员，特别是长跑运动员，在重要比赛后或在大强度训练中URTI的发生率明显升高，其原因与运动所引起的运动性免疫抑制有关。关于运动性免疫抑制的机制目前还不完全清楚，除了与运动—神经—内分泌—免疫网络有关外，还与营养有着密切的关系。许多研究表明，长时间耐力运动导致血清谷氨酰胺含量的降低是运动引起免疫抑制的重要机制之一，但研究结果并不完全一致。 本研究通过对大鼠进行为期8周、每周6次，每次150min的游泳训练，建立运动性免疫抑制的模型，并补充氨基酸补剂(谷氨酰胺，Gln和／或精氨酸，Arg)，通过测定机体淋巴细胞的增殖功能、细胞因子等免疫指标的变化、血清和骨骼肌中Gln和Arg含量以及淋巴细胞凋亡的变化，进一步综合研究运动性免疫抑制的机制，并探讨Gln和／或Arg对调节机体免疫功能的影响及其机制，并比较两种氨基酸在预防运动性免疫抑制发生中的交互作用，为Gln和Arg在运动实践中的具体应用提供理论和实验依据。 结果和结论如下： 1、经过8周大负荷运动训练后，大鼠血清IL-2含量和外周血液中淋巴细胞转化率均显著降低，而血清sIL-2R含量却显著升高，表明长期大负荷的运动训练可以导致机体细胞免疫功能的显著降低。 2、经过8周的大运动量训练后，大鼠血清Gln和Arg含量以及血清总抗氧化能力显著降低，而淋巴细胞凋亡率却显著升高。因此，长期大负荷的运动训练可以导致血清Gln和Arg含量的降低；同时，大负荷的运动训练引起机体抗氧化能力降低，氧自由基生成增多，从而引起外周淋巴细胞凋亡增加，这可能是大负荷运动训练导致机体免疫功能降低的重要机制。 3、在大负荷运动训练后补充Gln，能够显著防止大负荷运动训练后血清中Gln和Arg含量的降低，使大鼠外周血中淋巴细胞的转化率明显升高，并使血清IL-2、GM-CSF含量和血清总抗氧化能力显著升高，同时外周血中淋巴细胞凋亡率和血清sIL-2R含量明显降低。因此，在大运动量训练后补充Gln可以有效地调节和提高训练机体的免疫功能，预防运动性免疫抑制的发生。 4、在大负荷运动训练后补充Arg，能使大鼠外周血中淋巴细胞的转化率明显升高，并使血清中IL-2、GM-CSF含量显著升高，使血清sIL-2R含量显著降低；虽然不能有效提高血液中Arg含北京体育大学博士论文摘要量和血清总抗氧化能力，但能使血清中Gln含量显著升高，并使外周血中淋巴细胞凋亡显著降低。因此，在大负荷训练后补充A飞可以有效地预防血清Gln的下降，降低外周血中淋巴细胞的凋亡，从而有效预防运动性免疫抑制的发生。这为A电在运动实践中的具体应用提供了理论依据。 5、在大负荷运动训练后，联合补充Gln和Arg，对外周血液中淋巴细胞的转化率、血清GM一csF、A飞和sIL一ZR含量以及淋巴细胞的凋亡均具有显著的交互作用;虽然能进一步提高训练机体血清lL一2以及Gln含量，但无显著的交互作用。因此，在大负荷训练后联合补充Gln和A飞在一定程度上比单独补充Gln或A电更能提高训练机体的免疫功能，有效地预防运动性免疫抑制的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 Some epidemiological data indicated that endurance athletes, especially long-distance runners are at increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection during periods of heightened training or following competitive race events, which reason is related to exercise-induced immunosuppression. Although it is unclear yet that the mechanism of exercise-induced immunosuppression, some studies showed it may be not only linked to exercise-nerve-endocrine-immune network but also related to nutrients. The results of some researches have showed, long-term endurance training may reduce serum glutamine concentration, which may be the mechanism of exercise-induced immunosuppression, but the results of studies were short of unanimous.Sports immunosuppressive model was established successfully by SD rats were conducted 150 min/day, 6days/wk swimming training for 8 weeks in this study. Meanwhile the rats were administrated for amino acid (Gin and/or Arg). The immunologic indexes including lymphocytic proliferation function, serum cytokine concentration, and glutamine and arginine level in serum and skeletal muscle, and apoptosis of lymphocyte in peripheral blood were determined to further explore the mechanism of exercise-induced immunosuppression, and to investigate the effects and mechanism of Gin and/or Arg on modulation of immunologic function. In addition, the combinative effects of the two kinds of amino acid on sports immunosuppression were studied.The results and conclusions in this study show:1. After heavy training for 8 weeks, the serum IL-2 concentration and lymphocytic proliferation function in peripheral blood decreased significantly, but the serum sIL-2 concentration increased significantly. The results show long-term heavy training may result in the decrease of immunologic function.2. Serum Gln, Arg and total oxidation resistance significantly reduced after 8 weeks of high loading exercise. Contrarily, rate of lymphocytic apoptosis significantly enhanced after the exercise. Therefore, enhancing serum Glu and Arg may be important one of the mechanisms of sports immunosuppression after long-term heavy exercise training. In addition, oxidation resistance reduction and oxygen-derivedfree radicals enhancement increase lymphocytic apoptosis in peripheral blood. Probably, one mechanism could be elucidated by the changes.3. Supplement of Gin after heavy training may prevent the decrease of serum Gin and Arg concentration, and increase the IL-2, GM-CSF concentration and total oxidation resistance in serum and lymphocytic proliferation function in peripheral blood markedly. In the meantime, it may decrease the serum sIL-2 content and the rate of lymphocytic apoptosis in peripheral blood significantly. Therefore, supplement of Gin after heavy training may modulate and enhance the immune function in training body, and prevent the occurrence of exercise-induced immunosuppression effectively.4. Supplement of Arg after heavy training may increase the IL-2, GM-CSF concentration in serum and lymphocytic proliferation function in peripheral blood markedly. In the meantime, it may decrease the serum sIL-2R content. Although it may not increase the serum Arg content and total oxidation resistance effectively, it can increase the serum Gln concentration, and decrease the rate of lymphocytic apoptosis in peripheral blood significantly. Therefore, supplement of Gln after heavy training may prevent the decrease of serum Gln content effectively, decrease the rate of lymphocytic apoptosis in peripheral blood significantly, enhance the immune function in training body, and prevent the occurrence of exercise-induced immunosuppression effectively.5. Combinative supplement of Gln and Arg after heavy training have significant interaction in serum GM-CSF, sIL-2R content, lymphocytic proliferation function and the rate of lymphocytic apoptosis in peripheral blood. Although it may further increase serum IL-2 and Gln content, there is no significant interaction. Therefore, combinative supplement更多还原