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中国企业的国际竞争力与海外直接投资

【作者】 卢进勇

【导师】 王绍熙;

【作者基本信息】 对外经济贸易大学 , 国际贸易, 2003, 博士

【摘要】 本篇论文主要研究的是中国企业的国际竞争力与海外直接投资的关系问题。论文共分9章,分别阐述和分析了本文研究的意义与重点、企业国际竞争力的理论与评价指标、中外企业竞争力比较分析、中国企业在国际性评比中的排名与地位分析、企业国际竞争力与海外直接投资、海外投资的策略选择、提升企业国际竞争力的政策措施建议、具体企业案例研究和本文所得出的主要结论等方面的内容。实施企业“走出去”战略是中国的一个国家战略,是中国适应经济全球化发展的新形势,考虑到加入WTO后企业所面临的国际竞争与挑战而采取的一个重要举措。当今的国际经济,全球化发展趋势明显,全球化的发展进一步加速了生产投资国际化和市场开放化,导致国际竞争国内化、国内市场国际化。这些现象的出现给中国企业的生存和发展带来了巨大压力,要求我们的企业不仅要敢于竞争,还要善于竞争,不仅要在国内参与竞争,还要到国外去竞争,不仅要发展对外贸易,还要开展对外投资,创办海外企业。“走出去”战略的最终目标是形成一大批富有国际竞争力的中国的跨国公司。一批大、中、小兼有,具有较强国际竞争力的中国跨国公司的存在,是中国取胜国际竞争的坚实基础。没有竞争力的产品在国际市场上寸步难行,没有竞争力的企业也难于立足于国际市场。要实施企业“走出去”战略,就必须千方百计提升企业的国际竞争力,尤其是企业的国际投资竞争力。中国企业的跨国经营因“走出去”战略的实行而上升到一个新的阶段,即从商品输出为主的阶段走向商品输出与资本输出并举的阶段。从直接投资的角度来讲,资本输出实质上就是输出企业,一同输出的还包含技术、管理和品牌等。从发达国家跨国公司进入一国市场的步骤来看,今后还会发展到商品输出、资本输出和品牌输出三结合的更高阶段。目前,中国企业中只有海尔集团等少数企业做到了上述三个输出的结合,初步开始了从中国品牌向世界品牌的演变过程。当前,对外直接投资已成为企业对外经济活动中除贸易以外的一项重要内容。企业具有国际竞争力和国际比较优势不仅是开展对外贸易的基础,也是进行对外直接投资的前提条件。没有国际竞争力就无法有效地开展对外直接投资,就无法在国外的市场中生存和发展。本文在研究和表述中采用的方法主要有:理论研究与现实分析结合法、中外比较分析方法、案例剖析方法和实证方法等。本文主要的创新和特点是:(1)从中国企业国际竞争力的角度入手分析企业的海外直接投资问题,即重点从可能性的角度进行研究,阐述国际竞争力与海外直接投资的相互关系,从而将两者有机地结合起来。这种角度的研究,目前在国内相关研究中属于创新。 (2)对现有的企业国际竞争力概念进行了修改和重新定义,增加了体现对<WP=11>外投资内容的表述,从而克服了竞争力定义中忽视对外投资的现象。另外,在第一和第二章中还对目前有关企业国际竞争力的定义以及相关的理论进行了介绍分析和恰当的评价,为本文其他部分的深入研究奠定了基础。(3)与此同时,研究分析了企业国际竞争力在海外投资中与在对外贸易中表现的区别,提出了企业国际投资竞争力的新概念,认为应将企业国际竞争力分为企业国际贸易竞争力和企业国际投资竞争力两个方面。国际投资竞争力与国际贸易竞争力的侧重点不同,前者侧重展示企业的项目投融资、技术、管理和品牌方面的竞争力,而后者主要代表的是产品、价格、质量、服务、营销和品牌等方面的竞争力。换句话说,对外投资对企业国际竞争力提出了特殊要求。(4)对中国企业国际竞争力状况进行了实证考察。通过对中外500强企业的多角度对比分析,以及对9个系列和两个机构总共11个系列国际企业评选结果的研究,较全面地把握了中国企业国际竞争力的总体情况。我们可以用三句话来形容近年来中国企业的国际竞争力状况:提升迅速,已具有一定的国际竞争力,但仍明显落后于世界先进水平。(5)提出了企业海外投资中应当遵循的7大策略。这7大策略的提出是在分析了中国企业的竞争力实际情况之后提出的,具有较强的针对性。(6)基于对中国经济和企业竞争力的分析,认为中国经济中存在的四个不平衡因素强化了海外投资的可能性。这四个不平衡是:地区发展不平衡、产业成熟程度不平衡、企业国际竞争实力不平衡、居民收入水平不平衡。(7)在政策措施建议一章中,提出政府在对企业海外投资实行监管的同时,要特别重视采取措施提升中国企业的国际竞争力,如制定提升企业国际竞争力的实施方案和成立相应的社会促进机构等。企业国际投资能力低,海外投资业务的发展必将受到影响,这与监管工作的总目标是矛盾的,因为监管的目的也是为了更好更快地发展。(8)在分析问题和阐述观点时,比较全面地收集和整理了关于企业国际竞争力与海外投资方面的统计资料和研究信息,尽可能使用最新最全的统计数据和图表,全文中应用的图表数量近70张,以求增加论证的力度和分析的深度。

【Abstract】 This study focuses on the relationship between international competitiveness of China’s companies and FDI. In its nine chapters, the article analyzes the significance and stresses of investigation, the theory and evaluating indexes of companies’ international competitiveness, the comparison of companies’ competitiveness between China and other countries, ranks and positions of China’s companies in the world, international competitiveness of companies and FDI, strategies for FDI, suggestions for international competitiveness promotion, case study, main conclusions and etc.To adapting to the economic globalization and integration, especially the international competition and challenges, China takes the ’Going abroad’ strategy as an important national strategy. Now days, the prominent tendency of economic globalization speeds up the internationalization of investment and openness of market, and thus leads to internationalization of internal competition and internal market. All these take great pressures to China’s companies in their existence and development. Our companies are required to compete in domestic and foreign markets, to selling abroad and investing abroad. The target of ’Going Abroad’ strategy is to form some excellent China’s TNCs, which are the foundation for China to be successful in world competition. The products without competitiveness cannot go global and so do the companies. Therefore, we have to improve our companies’ international competitiveness, especially the competitiveness in investment, to guarantee the fulfilling of ’Going Abroad’ strategy.Due to ’Going Abroad’ strategy, Chinese companies are stepping into a new stage of transnational operation, i.e. from the stage of goods export to goods and capital export. The essential of capital export is to export companies, including technology, management, brand and etc. Regarding the experience of TNCs from developed countries, the higher stage should be combined export of goods and service, capital and brand. At present, only few Chinese companies, such as Haier, begin to transform Chinese brand into global brand.Expect trade, FDI has become the most important activity of companies. International competitiveness and comparative advantage are the preconditions for trade and FDI. Without international competitiveness, companies cannot make direct investment and cannot exist or develop in the foreign market.The methods taken in the research are combined analysis of theory and fact, comparison of China and other countries, case analysis, empirical analysis and so on. The purpose of research lies in two aspects. Theoretically, it is to<WP=13>thoroughly analyze the relationship between companies’ international competitiveness and FDI, so as to enrich theories on FDI and China’s ’Going Abroad’ strategy, to add new ideas in the theory of openness and economic globalization, and to deepen the research on the theories, policies and strategies of TNCs. Empirically, it strengthens the realization on the importance of companies’ competitiveness, so as to push forward the implication of ’Going Abroad’ strategy and growing-up of China’s TNCs. It can also provide guides and proposals for Chinese companies to improve competitiveness, especially core competitiveness. The case study on Haier Group and Wanxiang Group can give examples to those companies who decide to go abroad. Further more, the policy suggestions are based on the management realities and reform tendencies so that can help government to adjust policies and laws.The innovations and features of this article are:(1) Through analyzing company’s foreign direct investment from the aspect of competitiveness, i.e. the possibility for FDI, it describes the relationship between companies’ international competitiveness and FDI. Through correcting and redefining companies’ international competitiveness, it adds the past neglected FDI into competitiveness. Besides, Chapter 1 & 2 make complete introduction and proper appraisal on companies’ international<WP=14>(2) competitiveness

【关键词】 企业国际竞争力海外投资
  • 【分类号】F279.2
  • 【被引频次】39
  • 【下载频次】4082
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