【作者】 范秀山；

【导师】 张允湘；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 化学工艺， 2000， 博士

【摘要】 在本文中，首先从宏观与微观两个角度分别简要概述了当前固液吸附尤其是土壤离子吸附和化学溶液理论的进展情况。通过对研究中存在问题的剖析，以及对现有的部分成果进行的总结和概括，提出了固液吸附的“变性介质溶解平衡”模型，并从几个角度进行了简要的论证。然后，从全面考虑，结合无机化学中常用的水盐体系相图的表达原理和现代计算机绘图技术，提出了用三维图像处理方法研究吸附过程的新概念，论述了在溶液体系中进行三维图像处理的方法，以及所形成的吸附性质曲面的特征。然后，通过对NaCl-HCl-H₂O和NaCl-NaH₂PO₄-H₂O混合溶液体系在人工合成针铁矿上吸附的两个实例的描述，全面分析了溶液中各离子在吸附过程中的表现及变化情况，首次把平衡溶液的混浊度作为一项属性指标加以测定，并与其它属性进行了比较与关联。结果发现，在发生非专性吸附的NaCl-HCl-H^＋₂O体系中，胶体粒子的稳定性与溶液中的H含量高度相关；在发生专性吸附的NaCl-NaH₂PO₄-H₂O体系中，胶体粒子的稳定性则与溶液中的H₂PO₄^-浓度高度相关，影响胶体粒子稳定性的因素乃是平衡溶液中的[Na⁺]／[H₂PO₄^-]浓度的比值。最后，通过对三维图像的相关性分析及数学处理，得到了磷酸盐在人工合成针铁矿上吸附时的特征方程，其中α_H是溶液中H⁺的活度，P是磷酸盐的浓度，k是回归系数。讨论发现，当用x代表吸附离子时，是吸附过程中的一个重要指标。它代表了溶液中分子状态的数量。从另一个方面证实了“变性介质溶解平衡”模型的正确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Firstly, the research and development of modern adsorption on solid-liquid interface, especially of soil adsorption and chemical solution theories hi both macroscopic and microscopic studies, are summarized respectively. Through a careful analysis on the problems therein and a detailed examination of present achievements, a model of "solubility equilibria in variable media " is proposed, and is examined by some known phenomenon. Then, combining the expression of phase diagram in inorganic chemistry and modern computer graphics technique, a new idea of adsorption research by 3D imaging technique is put forward, and an general approach is established, and the graphical and mathematical characteristics of curved faces that created are also presented. Thirdly, by description of ion adsorption on artificial goethite in NaCl-HCI-H2O and NaCl-NaH2PO4-H2O systems, the conditions that goethite particles keep steady are determined. It is found that in the electrostatic adsorption system, NaCl-HCl-H2O system, the steadiness of goethite particles is strongly relative to the concentration of H+ in equilibrium solution; while in the specific adsorption system of NaCl-NaH2PO4-H2O mixture, the steadiness is strongly relative to the concentration of H2PO4 in equilibrium solution. It is the [Na7H2PO4-] ratio that decides the steadiness of goethite particles. Finally, through the correlation analysis and mathematical processing on these 3D images, a characteristic model for phosphate adsorption is established as = AT, where aH is the activity ofH+ in solution, P is the concentration of phosphate and k is a coefficient relative to the solution constitute. By further discussion, it is found that the essentialunit of is an important term in X adsorption, which suggests the molecularstate and amount of the ion to be adsorpted, and thus the model of "solubility equilibria in variable media " is supported and tested in another way.更多还原