高等教育评价方法研究

【作者】 张远增；

【导师】 陈玉琨；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 高等教育学， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 生活着的人们总是面临着如何发现新价值?如何证实自己在追求价值?如何证实自己获得了价值?这三个问题又可归结为怎样发现价值和怎样判断价值两个基本问题。因此，评价方法可以分为判断价值的评价方法和发现价值的评价方法两类基本方法。本文对高等教育评价方法的研究就是以此假设为基础逻辑地建立起来的。论文由四部分共七章组成。第一部分包括第一章，主要研究高等教育的两类价值形态，高等教育评价的推理，评价的量化中介与运算中介的结构，评价方法的分类，以及评价方法的科学性。作为研究的成果，建立了反映不同价值关系的耦合价值群和同源价值群，得出了在价值孤立计量中的价值实现与价值期望守恒规律，以及将评价方法分为质化评价、量化评价、定性评价和定量评价四类等重要结论。第二部分包括第二章和第三章，选取无先行评价组织者的质化评价和量化评价，在评价方法论的层次对高等教育评价进行系统地研究。其中：第二章研究高等教育质化评价，主要涉及质化评价的内涵、基本假设、适用条件、功能机制、技术成本、保障机制、评价指标体系、与定性评价的区别、定性评价的局限性等，并结合树立榜样、大学特色评价、以及应答式评价建立了进行质化评价的几个模式。第三章研究高等教育量化评价，主要涉及量化评价的内涵，中介、适用条件、功能机制、技术成本、保障机制、以及与定量评价的联系与区别，结合职称评定和AHP方法建立了进行量化评价的一般模式，并讨论了三类数学模型的区别与联系。第三部分包括第四章、第五章和第六章，在具体的技术层面上对评价所使用的数学技术进行了研究。主要是通过实际评价的案例分析，对确定性数学模型、随机数学模型和模糊数学模型三类模型中的一些具体模型的适用条件、功能机制、技术成本、保障机制，结合具体地高等教育评价对象(领域)进行了较深入、较系统的研究。其中：第四章主要利用线性规划、动态规划、数据包络分析、层次分析所提供的数学模型，结合大学资源效率绝对评价、学习遗忘策略评价、大学运行效率相对有效性评价和绿色大学评价，研究确定性数学模型所提供的评价技术。所得出的结论给出了科学使用这些确定数学模型作为评价工具应注意的问题，同时给出了这些模型在教育评价中的新应用。第五章主要借助回归分析、因素分析、聚类分析、齐次马尔科夫链所提供的数学模型，结合学习评价、大学综合评价、选优评价、科研队伍结构评价，研究随机性数学模型所提供的评价技术，给出了使用这些随机数学模型作为评价工具应注意的问题和注意方法，同时得出了这些模型在教育评价中的新应用。第六章主要结合模糊综合评判、模糊积分、灰色数学所提供的数学模型，大学创新能力评估、研究生学位管理质量评估和大学排行，研究模糊(灰色)数学模型所提供的评价技术。提出并解决了使用这些模糊(灰色)数学模型作为评价工具应注意的部分问题，同时给出了这些模型在教育评价中的新应用。第四部分包括第七章，首次对大学无形资产进行了较为系统地研究。通过大学无形资产评估研究，揭示了大学无形资产的本质，提供的大学无形资产价值估计方法，为大学评估自己的价值提供了较为简单的算法，对高校转制、实施合作办学时确定大学的实际资产价值有一定的借鉴作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 How to discover value, how to pursue value and how to verify valueobtainment are essential problems to people, al1 of which can be putunder two basic problems, i.e. how to discover and how to testify value.So, the methodology of higher educational evaluation consists of twobasic ways of discovering value and testifying value. The dissertationsystem is logically based on this hyPothesis: It is composed of four partsincluding seven chaPters.Part one, which only contains chaPter 1, mainly studies the twocategories of value of higher education, the inference of higher educationevaluation, quantified medium of evaluation, operating medium ofevaluation, classifying methods of evaluation, and the scientific methodsof evaluation. As a research finding, the dissertation establishes thecoup1ed grouP of value and originated group of value reflecting differentrelations among values, finds a law of conservation of value in the systemwhich is isolated, simPlified, closed and the total quanity of achievedvalue and eXPecting value are constan. The dissertation dividesevaluation methods into qualified evaluation, qualitative evaluation,quanified evaluation and quanitative evaluation.Part two, including chaPter 2 and chaPter 3, selects qualified evaluationand quantified evaluation that the idea and theory of value do not goahead of evaluation, and discusses them all-sidedly ChaPter 2 studiesqualified evaluation, Which consists of connotation, basic hypothesis,medium, suitable condition, functional mechanism, assurance principle,technologica1 cost, differentiating qualified evaluation from qualitativeevaluation, and limitation of qualitative evaluation. By combining modelevaluation, distinguishing feature university evaluation and respondingevaluation with qualified evaluation, the dissertation offers a few modelsof qualified evaluation. ChaPter 3 discusses quantified evaluation, whichconsists of connotation, basic hypothesis, medium, suitable condition,functional mechanism, assurance principle, teclmological cost,differentiating quanified evaluation from qupeitative evaluation, andlimitation of quanitative evaluation. The dissertation that integrates withM supplies general model of qualified evaluation discusses therelationships among three tyPes of mathematical models.Part three, consisting of chaPter 4, chaPter 5 and chaPter 6, revolves onmathematical technology of higher education evaluation by dealing withevaluation in the light of specific conditions, such as suitable condition,functional mechanism, assurance principle, technological cost. Itcontributes to the scientific methods of aPplying mathematical tecIinologyto evaluation.ChaPter four discusses deeply definite mathematical technology bycombining Linear Programming, Dynamic Programming, Data EnvelopAnalysis (DEA), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with cost efficiencyabsolute evaluation, scheme of forgetting study evaluation, universityefficiency relative evaluation, and Green university evaluation. Thedissertation gives some suggestions to which aPpraiser has to payattention when he aPplies definite mathematical technology to highereducation evaluation.ChaPter five considers systematically stochastic mathematicaltechnology by dealing with Regression Analysis, Factor Analysis, ClusterAnalysis, and Symmetric Markov Chain in learning evaluation, universitycomPrehensive evaluation, selection excellent evaluation, and universityresearch adIninister evaluation. The dissertation provides not only someproposals that aPpraiser has to notice, but also the new aPplication whenstochastic mathematical technology is put into the practice of highereducation evaluation. ChaPter 6 focuses on fuZZy (grey) mathematicaltechnology, such as FuzZy comPrehensive evaluation, FuzZy Integral, andGrey System Theory in evaluation technology. Applying them touniversity innovatory caPacity evaluation, degree administrative qualit更多还原