【作者】 李曦；

【导师】 雷海章；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 水是最基本的农业资源，是实现农业发展最重要的条件保障。在我国西北地区，水资源的严重短缺已成为制约农业可持续发展的最大障碍，没有水资源的可持续利用，就没有农业的可持续发展。本文综合运用调查研究的方法、定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法，实证分析与规范分析相结合的方法，从水资源管理的角度对我国西北地区农业水资源可持续利用问题进行了系统的探讨和深入的研究，提出了一系列对策建议。全文的主体结构分为九章。第一章导言，阐述了西北地区农业水资源可持续利用对农业可持续发展的重要作用及重大意义，并对国内外在相关领域所开展的研究工作进行概要评述。第二章对西北地区农业水资源供需现状及发展趋势进行了定量分析，并对缺水程度做出了估算，得出了“沿用现有的用水方式无法实现农业水资源可持续利用”的基本结论。第三章在确定西北农业水资源可持续利用原则的基础上，提出了实现西北地区农业水资源可持续利用的基本思路与框架。第四、五、六、七、八和九章则为具体的对策研究，分别从不同方面研究了确保农业水资源可持续利用实现的对策措施。从水资源可持续利用的本质要求看，合理开发与有效保护是水资源可持续利用的前提和基础；在水量一定的情况下，节约用水是实现水资源可持续利用的根本出路；农业结构调整是农业节水的重要环节；水价是促进节水最基本的经济手段；作为影响和约束涉水行为主体供用水行为的规章或准则的水资源管理体制对于水资源的可持续利用具有决定意义；水权管理是水资源管理体制改革的核心，水权明晰是水资源市场配置的先决条件。基于以上考虑，在论文的4～9章分别阐述了上述相关因子的现状及存在的问题，探寻了问题根源，综合运用定性、定量、实证、规范分析方法，提出了具有可操作性的对策建议。 本项研究主要有以下创新： 其一，运用信息经济学中委托-代理理论建立了节水补偿机制的数学模型，确定了节水补偿的数量界限，揭示了节水补偿投入与节水效果之间的数量关系。其二，运用非线性规划的方法，建立了水价及农产品价格与农民利润最大化关系的数学模型，揭示了明晰水权与水价政策效果之间的内在关系，明确指出了在不同的水权状况下，应采取的水价政策。其三，针对西北地区的实际情况，构造了分阶段实施的水价模型以及农业水权初始分配模型。其四，针对水资源保护中“总量控制”下排污许可制度实施的障碍，提出了由流域分配取水和排污权，并对取水口和排污口进行监控的对策思路。其五，提出了适应自然资源和环境间的内在规律，成立国家自然资源和环境委员会，在国家层次上保障各种资源政策和环境政策的统一性，改组现有流域管理机构为流域决策机构的执行机构，改组区域水管理部门为区域水务管理部门，实行灌区服务市场化，将灌区作为特许经营的企业，按照现代企业制度的要求，构造灌区产权结构，运营灌区资产和提供供水服务的一整套水资源管理体制改革构想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water, the most fundamental agricultural resources, is the most important condition and guarantee of agricultural development. In northwest China, the severe shortage of water resources has become the biggest barrier of restricting sustainable development of agriculture. It is no doubt that agriculture will not develop sustainably without sustainable exploitation of water resources. In this dissertation, by employing methods such as the combination of investigation and research qualitative and quantitative analysis , positive and normative analysis etc, sustainable exploitation of agricultural water resource in northwest China is studied systematically from the view of water resources management and a series of countermeasures and suggestions are given.The structure of the dissertation is divided into nine chapters. Chapter One, the introduction, expounds the important role and profound significance of sustainable exploitation of agricultural water resource in agricultural sustainable development in northwest China, and gives a general commentary on the research carried out in relevant fields at home and abroad. Chapter Two conducts quantitative analysis of the status quo and trend of supply and demand of agricultural water resource in northwest china, makes an estimation of shortage extent of water and then draws the basic conclusion that it is impossible to realize sustainable exploitation of agricultural water resources in the present ’way of using water. Chapter Three puts forward the basic thinking and framework of realizing it, based on defining the principles of realizing sustainable exploitation of agricultural water resource in northwest. From Chapter Four to Chapter Nine, specific countermeasures to ensure the realization of sustainable exploitation of agricultural water resource are put forward respectively. Its prerequisite and basis is reasonable development and effective protection, in accordance with the essential requirement of sustainable exploitation of agricultural water resource; the prime outlet, of realizing sustainable exploitation of agricultural water resource, is to economize on using water under the condition of fixed amount of water; the adjustment of agricultural structure plays an important part in economizing on the agricultural use of water; pricing of water is a basic economic means to promote economizing on using water ; as the regulation or standard of influencing and restricting the behavior of main bodies involved in activities of using or providing water , the management system of water resource exerts a decisive role in sustainable exploitation of water resource; the core of reforming the management system of water resource, lies in the management of water properties, while the distinction of water properties is theprerequisite of market mechanism of water resource allocation. Based on the above-mentioned considerations, the problems existing in aforesaid relevant factors are analyzed by comprehensively adopting such methods as qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, positive analysis and normative analysis. Some operable countermeasures and suggestions are put forward respectively from Chapter Four to Chapter Nine.The main innovations of this dissertation are just as follows:Firstly, mathematical model on the compensation mechanism of economizing on water is set with the theory of agent of Information Economics, quantitative boundary of compensation is defined, and quantitative relationship between the compensation input and the effect of economizing on water is revealed. Secondly, model of the relationships among pricing of water & agricultural products and maximum of peasants ’ profit, is established with the method of non-linear planning. It reveals the intrinsic relationship between distinct water properties and the effect of water price policy, and points out that different water price policies should be adopted on terms of water properties. Thirdly, water price model and initial allocation model of agricultural water properties更多还原