【作者】 王华倬；

【导师】 周登嵩；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 课程是学校教育的核心。我国自1903年颁布实施《癸卯学制》，开始设置体育课程至今已经走过整整一百年的发展历程，在以素质教育为主旋律的我国基础教育课程改革逐步深化之际，系统回顾和探讨我国近现代一百多年来体育课程的发展演变历程，并分析总结其历史经验及教训，具有重大的历史意义和现实意义。本课题是当前学校体育改革亟待研究的重要课题，具有重要的理论与学术价值，对体育教育理论建设具有填补空白的意义，对体育教育教学实践具有重要的指导作用，对现在与未来的体育课程与教学改革具有重要的参考价值。 本课题研究对象的时间跨度涉及到从1840年鸦片战争到2003年，中国近现代约160余年的时间，本课题以近代以来历届中国政府颁布的有关普通中小学教育的学制、课程(教学)计划、体育课程标准(体育教学大纲)为主要历史发展线索(研究对象实体)，在马克思主义辩正唯物主义和历史唯物主义理论的指导下，遵循历史与逻辑的统一、归纳与演绎的统一、经验与思辨的统一等基本研究原则，运用文献资料法、调查研究法、历史研究法、逻辑分析法、比较研究法等，讨一百多年来我国近现代体育课程的发展演变过程，进行系统的描述和深入的分析，并在此基础上，探讨总结我国近现代体育课程发展演变的历史经验和教训，并对未来有中国特色的体育课程做出展望。 概括全文研究得出以下主要结论：(1)我国近代体育课程以1903年颁布实施癸卯学制为标志，正式登上历史舞台。但癸卯学制颁布前，清末教会学校中的体育课程，洋务学堂的体育课程，以及资产阶级维新派的教育主张和体育课程实践，为癸卯学制规定的体育课程奠定了理论与实践的基础，这是我国近代体育课程的渊源。(2)1922年学制和课程改革，实现了体育课程的从“体操”到“体育”的飞跃，成为我国近代体育课程发展史上的一座里程碑。在我国近代一批著名的教育家及体育教育家的努力下，我国的体育课程在国民党统治时期，整体上从简单模仿进入到自我创造的发展阶段，并随着教育制度的逐渐完备，体育课程逐步走上了科学化和国际化的发展道路。(3)新中国体育课程经历了三代五个时期的演变发展。第一代体育课程在新中国体育课程发展史上留下了光辉的一页；第二代体育课程以1992年义务教育体育教学大纲为主要标志，走向成熟，但，第二代体育课程还不能适应素质教育的要求；世纪之交，素质教育下以健康第一为指导思想的第三代体育课程开始进入起步阶段。(4)我国近现代体育课程的发展演变，受国家经济、政治、文化等社会因素的深刻影响和制约。不同的时代背景、不同的统治阶级，就编制出特点不同的体育课程。(5)社会、儿童、知识三大要素作为外在动力，深刻地推动了我国近现代体育课程的演变发展，但外在动力只能通过体育课程的内在动力机制才能发挥作用，体育课程内部的一些最基本的矛盾或关系，构成了体育课程演变发展的内在动力机制，形成了体育课程演变发展的内在逻辑。(6)开放引进对我国近现代体育课程的演变发展有重要的推动作用。(7)体育课程的统一性和灵活性是对立统一的一对矛盾，两者都是社会、儿童、知识三大要素发展需要的反映，我国体育课程管理的基本趋势是在保持国家对体育课程统一性要求的基础上，进一步加大灵活性。(8)一百多年来我国近现代体育课程发展，内涵上经历了“体操——体育——体育与健康”的发展历程：形式上表现了“课外——课内——课内外相结合”的发展趋势；价值功能上体现了“生物学——心理学——人文社会学”的自我认识提升；发展上呈现了“拿来主义——本土化探索——再度国际化”的三阶段发展模式。近代与现代均同样如此；并表现出钟摆摆动式或重演式的演变特征。(9)我国近现代体育课程经过一百多年来的演变发展，在体育课程的目标、内容、实施、评价、管理等方面，都取得了长足的进步。但尚未形成有鲜明中国特色的体育课程理论和实践体系，建设有中国特色的体育课程是历史赋予广大体育教育工作者的使命。如果本课题研究所提供的系统化的历史资料以及多方面的理性思考，能为今后建设有中国特色体育课程的理论和实践，提供一点有益的参考或借鉴的话，那将是笔者最大的欣慰!更多还原

【Abstract】 Curriculum is the core of school physical education. It is over one hundred years from the educational system of Gui and Mao issued in 1903 and begun setting of physical educationcurriculum until right now. As gradually deepen reforming of basic physical education curriculum, quality education becomes the main part of it. It has significant historical and practical meaning to review and discuss the developing evolvement history of physical education curriculum in recent times in China. This paper is the important task of school physical education reform that needs further to study. It has important theoretical and learning value. This paper supplies a gap in physical education teaching construction, and has important guidance for physical education teaching practice. It has vital referenced value for physical education curriculum and reform at present and future.The time range of this research is from 1840 to 2003, the recent times is about 160 years. According to educational system, curriculum planning, physical education curriculum standard of primary and middle schools issued by Chinese governments in recent times, the author makes systemic description and analysis on the course of developing evolvement of physical education curriculum over one hundred years in recent times through the method of document, investigation, historical studying, logical analysis and comparative study. Based on it, the historical experience and lesson of physical education curriculum developing evolvement are discussed and summed up, and makes prospect on Chinese characteristic physical education curriculum in the future.The result shows that 1. The educational system of Gui and Mao issued in 1903 is symbol of physical education curriculum in recent times in China, and makes it appearance formally in historical stage. However, before this, physical education curriculum in mission school and reformer opinion of bourgeois establishes the theoretical and practical bases for physical education curriculum set by educational system of Gui and Mao. This is the source of our physical education curriculum in recent times. 2. The educational system and curriculum reformed in 1922 realizes the big jump from gymnastics to physical education, and it is the landmark of our physical education curriculum development. On the efforts of well-known educator and physical educators, our physical education curriculum has changed from simple imitation during Kuomintang dominion to developing phase ofself-creation. With the perfection of educational system, physical education curriculum walks up the scientific and international developing ways. 3. Physical education curriculum of new China has experienced the developing evolvement of three dynasties and five periods. First physical education curriculum has leaved the brilliant page in the course of physical education curriculum development. The second physical education curriculum takes the compulsory physical education outline as symbol in 1992, but it cannot meet the requirement of quality education. At the century of turning, the third physical education curriculum begins to get into the underway phase. 4. The Developing evolvement of our physical education curriculum in recent times is deeply influenced and restricted by social factors such as national economy, policy and culture. Different times background and dominant class establishes different character of physical education curriculum. 5. Society, children and knowledge as three factors of external drive promote the developing evolvement of physical education curriculum in recent times in China, but external drive can only play function through mechanism of internal drive, and form the internal logic of physical education evolvement. 6. Opening and importing have important promoting function on developing evolvement of physical education curriculum. 7. Unity and flexibility of physical education curriculum is a pair contravention of contrary and unity, both are the reflection of social, children and knowledge development. The basic te更多还原