【作者】 张晓青；

【导师】 张超；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 劳动力市场是由劳动力供给、劳动力需求以及合适价格推动下的劳动力使用权的自由交换等三个基本要素所构成。作为生产要素市场之一，劳动力市场是实现经济活动中最为活跃和重要的因素即劳动力资源优化配置的重要机制，并且和产品市场共同联结企业和社会成员，推动国民经济运行和实现新一轮的增长。 随着我国经济体制的转型，就业制度逐步转变为市场经济条件下国家促进就业、市场调节就业和劳动者自主择业的市场就业新机制，我国劳动力市场出现人口过剩型失业、转型期的体制性失业，以及结构性失业纵横交错与叠加的特征。失业率的不断攀升引起党和政府高度重视，十六大报告中把就业提升到“民生之本”的战略高度。如何治理失业和实现充分就业，成为学者关注的焦点。笔者认为，强化劳动力市场信息服务是实现劳动力资源合理配置的有效措施之一。在市场条件下，劳动力资源主要由“看不见的手”配置，由供求关系决定并反映供求关系的市场信息，直接决定劳动力流动的规模和方向。在劳动力市场上，劳动者根据市场信息选择就业区域和从业单位；企业根据市场信息招聘合格劳动者；教育部门根据市场信息确定教育结构和教育规模。劳动力市场信息的完备程度直接决定着劳动力资源配置的效率。此外，国外还将劳动力市场数据拓展应用到城市和区域综合规划、房地产管理、产品市场规划和预测等商业和经济领域。 我国劳动力市场信息化建设刚刚起步，目前侧重于劳动力市场前台业务管理信息系统和统计型信息系统，欠缺区域劳动力市场的空间分析、预测预警和政策模拟及评价等功能。国内对劳动力市场的研究多数倾向于定性分析，缺乏借助模型形成理论架构的研究，已有的定量研究往往偏重于就业、失业或者工资收入等某一侧面；另外也很少从空间角度探讨劳动力市场的地域差异、变化特征、形成机理以及对区域发展的影响。美国、英国、加拿大以及韩国等国家都十分注重劳动力市场的宏观经济分析、微观模拟研究以及各种信息系统的不断完善，把数据仓库、数据挖掘、建模以及GIS等技术应用于系统建设之中。国外实践证明，劳动力供给和需求的空间不协调是经济效率低下的重要原因，对空间劳动力市场的深入研究是促进空间劳动力市场协调高效运行的前提条件。 从地理学角度研究区域劳动力市场及其信息化建设，是一个全新的课题。全文共分6章，第1章为绪论，介绍国内外相关研究现状，论文主要内容和结构框架；第2章至第4章为理论分析，第5章和第6章展开实证研究。 第2章首先概略论述劳动力市场在国民经济中的重要地位和作用，加强劳动力市场信息管理和服务是治理失业、削减信息不对称影响以及保障劳动力市场正常运行的重要手段。纵观发达国家和新型工业化国家劳动力市场信息化建设，劳动力市场信息化不仅仅在于实现办公自动化和业务管理计算机化，具有全面性、开放性和共享性、智能性、多元性和渐进性等特征。相比之下，目前我国的劳动力市场信息化建设在信息的实用性、完整性和功能上均与公众的期望差距很大，国外劳动力市场统计指标详尽、信息采集渠道广泛、重视行业和职业细类的就业需求和供给预测、应用Gls直观展示区域劳动力市场空间差异以及向劳动力市场信息的需求者提供基于空间位置的信息服务等方面均值得我国借鉴。 尽快弥补上述不足，真正实现区域劳动力市场的信息化是一项复杂的系统工程。倘若没有坚实的理论基础和科学先进的研究手段，则不能保证提供切实可行的解决方案和得出正确的结论。为此，第3章重点讨论了区域劳动力市场信息化的理论基础和研究方法。劳动力市场空间分异理论，表明劳动力市场具有显著的区域性分割，实现不同区域劳动者自由流动和充分就业的前提条件是不同区域劳动力市场信息的畅通;区域劳动力市场解释模型，表明劳动力市场各要素之间互相影响，共同受到人口学因素、经济因素以及社会制度因素的制约，为全面、宏观、综合地分析和研究区域劳动力市场奠定了基础;失业率作为三大宏观经济指标之一是劳动力市场信息化研究中的重点，区域失业极化现象的简单模型为合理解释失业率的空间异质性提供了理论依据。本文研究区域劳动力市场信息化采用了一系列科学先进的研究手段和方法，包括从定性到定量的综合集成方法，G工S技术广泛应用于区域劳动力市场空间分析、管理和信息服务，GIS、ESDA和神经网络技术等综合集成用于区域劳动力市场的知识发现，人口和经济模型运用于区域劳动力市场的动态模拟和预测等。此外，还运用了区域研究和结构分析相结合、静态分析和动态研究相结合等研究方法。 受“数字地球”设想和“数字省市”建设的启发，在第4章提出“数字就业”是实现我国区域劳动力市场信息化的根本途径。“数字就业”旨在实现劳动力市场信息的自然属性、社会属性和空间属性完整而有效地结合，是涵盖空间信息、注重时间变化和空间分布的劳动力市场信息化，体现在以实现不同空间尺度劳动力市场的综合管理、信息服务、决策支持等功能为目标，分别从三个层面进行。宏观层面，建立全国劳动力市场GIS，实现各更多还原

【Abstract】 Labor market is the summation of labor usufruct freely transfer and purchasing activity between labor supply and demand, including three basic features, the labor supply, the labor demand and freely transfer of labor usufruct under the impulse of suitable price. As one of the markets of producers’ factor, the labor market is the most important and active factor in the implement of economy activity and the important mechanism of better deployment, which impulses the new increment of national economy by coupling the enterprises and the member of society with the industry market.The employment system is becoming a new system with change of system of our national economy, indicating country accelerating employment, market adjusting employment and labor freely selection. At the same time our national labor-market has some phenomena: the unemployment by overmuch population, the system unemployment and the structure unemployment. The increment of unemployment rate arises the attention of the party and government. The report of "the sixteenth party Congress" defines the employment as "the basic of living". How to settle the severe unemployment and the sufficient employment becomes the focus which the scholars pay attention to. The article thinks the improvement of the information service of labor market is the effective manner to realize the reasonable deployment of the labor resource. Under the condition of market, the labor resource is mainly deployed by "the unseen hand" The market information which decides and reflect the relationship of the demand and supply, directly decides the magnitude and direction of labor flow. In the market, the employees select the region and employers select employees according to the market information .The department of education decides the structure and direction of education by the market information. Theinformationization level in the labor market directly decides the efficient of the deployment of the resource of labor force.The information construction of labor market has just begun in our country, emphasizing particularly on the management information system and the statistic information system of labor market. And the study about the analysis, forecast and decision of regional labor market is deficient. The study of labor market is inclined to the qualitative analysis, the study about using models to set up the theoretical frame is also deficient. The existed study of quantity is inclined to one side, such as employment, unemployment, the revenue of wage and so on. In the other hand, the study about the regional disparities, changeable character, forming mechanism and the affect of regional development has few. The facts of other developed countries prove that the spatial disparities of the demand and supply of labor-force can decrease the economic increment rate and the deeply study of the spatial labor market can make the spatial labor market more effective operation.Hence, the study of regional labor market and the informationization construction becomes a new task.This article described the definition, basic frame, concept and the key technology of "digital employment" and studies our country labor market from the side of temporal-space. Based on the theoretical research, the article studies from the side of micro analysis and macro analysis.(1)sets up the spatial assistant decision support system of the labor market of Pudong New Area and the comprehensive evaluates of labor market by using 3d model.(2)sets up the index system of our country labor market; opening out the rule of the special difference of labor market by using much powerful datum ,GIS and ESDA technology; Regional division of the country labor market by using the technology of neural network technology.The article includes six chapters. Chapter 1 is preface. Chapter 2 , chapter 3 and chapter 4 are the theoretical analysis. Chapter 5 and chapter 6 are the study of example.Chapter 2 describes that the labor market has important status and function in the national economy and improving t更多还原