现代性视野中的张恨水小说

【作者】 温奉桥；

【导师】 朱德发；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 将张恨水现代通俗小说创作，置于20世纪中国文化、文学的“现代性”视野中进行整体性地关照，破除长期以来在张恨水研究上的现代／传统、新／旧等思想、理论桎梏，真正进入张恨水的小说世界，发现、阐释张恨水现代通俗小说所具有的独特意义和价值，以及其对20世纪中国文学特殊的“建构”意义，是这篇论文的追求和期待。 本论文共分五章。第一章，现代性意义阐释。这是本篇论文的理论基点和逻辑基础。“现代性”曾经主要是个解构性、反思性、批判性概念，但是如果把“现代性”由一个静态概念变成一个动态性概念，那么它就具有强大的“建构性”和阐释力。在这一章中，在梳理“现代性”的时间性、时代性、价值性三种历史含义的基础上，认为现代性并不必然地表现为某种凝固的历史性“特质”，而是表现为现代性的主体性内涵，也就是说，现代性应被视为一种与时俱进的时代意识和价值取向。它“存在于创造主体和主体的目光之中”，在本质的意义上，现代性是生长于内在主体的历史意识和价值取向，这种主体感构成了现代性的最具历史活力的意义价值走向。在此基础上，本论文区别了社会现代性的“断裂性”特征和文化、文学现代性的某种非“断裂性”特征。 第二章，现代性的两种规范及张恨水的现代性选择。“现代性”在现代中国文化史、文学史上主要表现为两种规范，呈现为两种形态。一种是在价值取向上强调“新”，主要体现为“西化”的现代性规范：一种是立足于民族传统的本土性现代性规范。在中国的现代性进程中，“五四”是个标志性事件，它是中国社会“现代性”诉求的总爆发。但是由于时代现代性期望值过高所造成的焦虑性心态，决定了“五四”现代性“方案”现代性诉求的单值性，这造成了五四之后相当长的历史时期内“整体性反传统”的趋向。在文学上制造了现代／落后、新／旧等紧张关系，严重影响了20世纪中国文学发展的形态。张恨水采取了与五四知识分子不同的现代性理路，探索着一条整合性的新的现代性理路。他的文化观、文学观都强调新旧兼容、中西互补，所以他的创作表现出了不中不西、亦中亦西的开放之路——现代通俗小说创作。与五四新文学家相比，张恨水较好地体现了通俗文学的现代性规范。 论文的第三章，张划小说的主m代性．与五四新作家们的创作相比，张恨水的现代通俗小说创作，具有不同的价值选择和追求。他破除了意识形态的单一性，力求在更加整体性意义上，呈现中国社会一特别是都市社会的欲望、正义、价值主题。事实上，在一定意义上，张恨水相当完整地努力营构和表现了一个“过渡时代”的“中国的”图景，是一种本土性民间叙事。张恨水的小说具有明显的平民意识，表现了市民社会的民主、平等、自由等欲求。张恨水的通俗小说在“启蒙”性上，展示了新的思考，在他的通俗小说中，“启蒙性”和“民间性”得以结合，在一定程度上纠正了了五四新文学在二者关系处理上表现出来的偏差，显示了一种平民化的启蒙新思路。 第四章，张恨水小说的文体现代性。张恨水的小说大多采用章回体的传统小说形式。与五四新文学作家彻底否定、抛弃这一艺术形式不同，张恨水立足于审美心理的本土化思路，对这一传统的艺术形式进行了具有现代意味的“改造”，使之既能够表观“现代”生活，又能够适应一般读者传统的审美心理期待。张恨水重塑了章回体小说新的现代性品质。一方面他对章回体不适应现代生活的外部“形骸”汰除，另一方面又借鉴中西小说新的表现技法以丰富其表现能力，对传统的章回体“以全知视角连贯叙述一个以情节为结构中心的故事”的叙事模式进”7了整体性的“改造”。他从叙事视角的多元交错、叙事时仙的“碎化”、叙事视点的内化、叙事结构与叙事动力等方面，使章回体更“精致化”和“深谭化”，成为一种观代艺术形式。 第五章，“抗战小说”：现代性规范的转移。张恨水的“抗战小说”与他的通俗社会吉情小说不同。在这部分数量众多的小说中，蕴含着张恨水对某种现代性规范的调整和转移。如果说，他的社会言情小说主要地表现了一种通俗文学的现代性规范，那么他的“抗战小说”则主要体现了由这种通俗文学现代性规范向以五四作家为代表的现代性规范的转移。然而，就“抗战小说”的创作实绩与艺术价值而言，却并不能与他前期的社会言情小说相比。“抗战小说”并非是张恨水的成功之作，它代表着张恨水面对五四新文学规范时某种不得己的创作心态，它证月了被“收编”后的张恨水仓l］作上的转变。更多还原

【Abstract】 The doctorial dissertation’s goal and expectation is to put Zhang Henshui’s works in the modern field of vision of 20 century’s Chinese culture and literature for the sake of studying it as a whole, to get rid of the long-estabilshed, theoretical restrictions which concentrate on the binary thinking such as modernity and tradition, new and old culture, to enter Zhang Henshui’s literary world completely, and to illustrate and expound the unique meanings and values of Zhang Henshui’s works as well as its particular meaning in constructing 20 century’s Chinese literature .The dissertation is divided into five chapters. The first chapter entitled The Interpretation of Modernity, can be regarded as the theoretical and logical basis of the dissertation. "Modernity" used to be a deconstructive. introspective and critical concept, however, if we change it from a static concept to a dynastic one. it is endowed with a great power of construction and interpretation. On the basis of definition of it’s three layers of meaning -"the nature of time", "the nature of times’’ and "the nature of value", it considers that modernity is not necessarily embodied as some static, historical particularity, while it is reflected in its subjunctive connotation. That is to say. modernity should be regarded as a kind of consciousness and value that keep up with times. It " lies in the eyes of creative subject’’, in its essential meaning, modernity is a kind of historical consciousness and value that is born in its inner subject. The sense of subjectivity forms its most active, historical connotation and value. Based on the meaning, the thesis distinguishes the social modernity’s faulting feature with literature modernity’s non- faulting feature.The second chapter is The Two Modes of Modernity and Zhang Henshui ’s Modern Choice. In modern Chinese cultural and literary history, "modernity" takes on two kinds of forms. One form emphasizes the new idea in value, which is mainly reflected as a kind of "westernizing trend" in modernity norm. The other one makes footing on the native modernity norm with the national tradition characteristics. In the Chinese modernity pursuit, "the May 4th movement" is a marked one, it is the overall outbreak of Chinese modern appeal. However,, because of the anxious psychology caused by thehigh expectation of modernity of people at that special period, "The May 4th" modernity program takes on the feature of "single value", and it results in the anti-tradition trend as a whole for a long period. In literature, it creates a tense relationship between modernity and backwardness, new and old culture, and affects deeply the formation of 20century-literature development. Unlike intellectuals’ modernity choices, Zhang Henshui explores another new way of modernity, he stresses the combination of new and old ideas, the blend of the western and Chinese culture. Therefore, his writing possesses an open feature with the combination of the two elements above. Compared with ’s writers. Zhang Henshui "s novel is a perfect reflection of popular literature’s modernity mode.The third chapter is Zhang Henshui Novels’ Motif Modernity. Unlike other writers’ works in his period. Zhang Henshui’s modern popular novels writing has a different choice and pursuit. In order to avoid the singularity in ideology, He tries to present the desire, justice and value of China’s urban social groups in the whole meaning. In a sense, by exploiting folk-description, Zhang Henshui succeeds in forming and manifesting a complete, typical Chinese picture at a transitional period. Zhang Henshui’s novels possess an evident populace consciousness, showing the desires of democracy, equality and freedom in civilian society. As far as the enlightenment is concerned. Zhang Henshui reveals his new thought towards it. His popular novels are the combination of enlightenment and popularity, which corrects the deviation between the relationship of enlightenment and popularity to a certain extent, and it shows a new-civilian enlightenment thought.The f更多还原