【作者】 黄红武；

【导师】 钟志华； 杨济匡；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 车辆工程， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 高速公路交通事故中近1／3为车辆与护栏碰撞，每年造成了巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失，所以分析汽车与高速公路护栏碰撞的事故，研究人体损伤防护以及护栏和车辆防护性能的改进，已引起了世界各国的日益重视。 本文从人、车、路(护栏)三个角度，用计算机仿真的方法系统研究了轿车与高速公路护栏的碰撞。文章先对国内外高速公路发展情况和高速公路交通事故进行了数据采集和统计分析，并对国内外汽车-高速公路护栏碰撞事故的研究情况进行了对比分析，得出了两个新的结论。 然后，文章对高速公路护栏的种类、设计方法和设计准则等方面进行了全面讨论，同时论述了碰撞过程中乘员的生物力学响应，指出了在轿车-高速公路护栏碰撞中致使乘员受伤最为严重的部位和原因。 文章基于计算机仿真技术，使用不同软件(多刚体动力学仿真软件MADYMO和有限元分析软件LS-DYNA)针对两种护栏(混凝土护栏和波形梁护栏)和两种不同轿车车型(Ford车和Santana车)分别建立了轿车-护栏碰撞的仿真模型。通过改变不同的仿真参数(碰撞条件)，深入研究碰撞中轿车和乘员的动态响应和护栏的碰撞特性，得出了若干重要的结论并创造性地提出了一种新的护栏立柱结构。 研究还表明：两个不同的仿真软件在模拟轿车-护栏碰撞时呈现出各自的特点。两个仿真碰撞系统的仿真结果均与国际上公开发表的实验典例作了对比分析，数据相当吻合。验证表明本研究中所建立的仿真模型具有较高的精确度和可靠性。 最后，本文在总结了轿车与高速公路护栏碰撞中轿车和乘员动态特性及护栏防护特性的基础上，提出了当前研究所遇到的若干问题和解决方案，并展望了进一步的研究目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Among the highway accidents about one third are vehicle-barrier crashes, which result in numerous casualty and property losses. Therefore, analyzing crash between vehicle and barrier, studying occupant protection and improving safety performance of vehicle and barrier has aroused a greater concern in nations all over the world.From views of human, vehicle and barrier, car crash with highway barrier was studied systematically in this paper by using computer simulation. Firstly, background of highway development and data collecting and statistics analysis of highway accidents at home and abroad were carried out. Researches of vehicle-barrier crash accidents on highway were compared between in and outside China, and two new conclusions were drawn.The category, design and guidelines of highway barriers were then described, and dynamics of occupant and injury biomechanics were also discussed. It was found that the most frequently injured body segments during a car-barrier crash are head and thorax, and their injury mechanisms were pointed out.Based on computer simulations, different programs, such as MADYMO and LS-DYNA, were used in this paper to develop simulation model of car-barrier crash with two kinds of barriers (concrete barrier and w-beam barrier) and two styles of cars (Ford and Santana) respectively. A parameter study on dynamics of the car and occupant and the performance of the barriers was carried out. Several important conclusions were drawn out and a new structure of barrier post was presented creatively.The results from this study indicated that the two simulation programs used herein differ a lot in simulating car-barrier crash. The simulation results of both the simulating crash system were compared with international typical tests publicly published, and showed to provide reasonable agreement with the experimental data. Verification indicated that the car-barrier crash simulation models developed in this paper present high accuracy and stabilityFinally, on the basis of summarizing dynamics of car and occupant andprotection behavior of barriers in car-highway barrier crash, many problems and solutions confronted in the current research were presented, and the prospect and objectives of further work were also given.更多还原