【作者】 林晓峰；

【导师】 曹洪欣；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江中医药大学 ， 中医基础理论， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 本文结合《内经》和《伤寒论》，运用训诂与考据的方法，对证的渊源进行了辨识，认为蹬与证是繁简关系，證与症是古今关系。探讨了证、症、证候以及病的区别。 通过对证的多种现代定义的分析，将证的现代定义归纳为三类：现象定义、本质定义和其他定义。初步的界定了证的内涵及外延，进一步明确了证的定义，认为证是疾病发展到某阶段机体的整体反应状态，它以一组相关的症状集中反映出疾病的原因、性质、范围、动态等病理因素。同时，它又是一个综合性的诊断概念。证具有五大属性，即唯象性、反应性、思辩性、时相性和整体性。证的构成要素包括体质、病因、病位、病性、病机、病势等六个方面，划分了证的结构与层次，将证分为基本证、复合证、兼杂证三级，总结出证候的命名规律、组成模式及分类原则。 具体分析了辨证论治的内容，其主要内容包括辨体论治、审因论治和审机论治，其主要方法有抓主证和方证辨证。辨证与辨病有机结合是历史与现实的要求，并以辨证与辨病的分期举例说明。 本文将各种具体证候按证的构成因素的共性与个性进行划分，尝试建立证候统一辨证分类体系，以使中医辨证理论更加完整、规范。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article combined with "Neijing" and "Shanghanlun", discriminates the origin of the syndrome. From which, it inquires into the difference and the relations of syndrome, symptom, syndromes and disease.First, in this writing, attempts are made to give the initial definition of the intension and extension of the syndrome. It is suggested the syndrome is the reaction of the whole body at some stage in the pathological process. The syndrome reflects the pathological elements, such as the reason, the quality, the range and the trend of the disease. This is reflected by a set of related symptoms. Besides, it is a multiple conception of diagnoses. The syndrome has five attributions: Only imitate, reactivity, consider, space-time ,organic whole. This article also points out the composition of the syndrome in physique, location, nature and pathogenesis. Furthermore, it divides the construction of the syndrome into three ranks: fundamental syndrome, compound syndrome and compatible syndrome. From the article, we can summarize the regular pattern of the naming, classification and composition of the model.Secondly, this writings analyze the concrete terms of diagnosis and treatment based on overall analysis of symptoms and signs ,the cause, nature and location of the illness and the patient’s physical condition according to the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine. This includes diagnosis and treatment based on overall analysis of symptoms and signs ,the cause, nature and location of the illness and the patient’s physical condition according to the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine, diagnosis and treatment based on differentiation of, pathogenic factor, diagnosis and treatment based on differentiation of Pathogenesis cause of disease and. We can draw a conclusion that the combining of syndrome differentiation and disease differentiation is the demand of history and reality. In order to confirm the conclusions, we illustrate with some examples. At the same time, the article discuss the questioncorrelated with diagnosis and treatment based on overall analysis of symptoms and signs ,the cause, nature and location of the illness and the patient’s physical condition according to the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine, about paying attention to the main syndrome, prescription and syndrome, medicine and syndrome.Last, this article tried to build a system, from which we can put the syndrome into different types in a united standard. As a result, the theorg of Traditional Chinese Medicine differentiation of symptoms and signs can become more complete and normal.更多还原