西部开发中的金融支持与金融发展

【作者】 谢丽霜；

【导师】 那日； 刘永佶；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 民族经济学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 本文以金融发展与经济增长(发展)存在相关联系作为贯穿全文始终的指导思想，批判地借鉴西方经济学、发展经济学，以及西方金融深化理论的有关原理、方法及研究成果，在经济日趋市场化和开放化的大背景中，揭示金融发展之于西部开发的重要意义，剖析西部金融浅层发展的特征、成因及其对西部开发的制约，并从西部地区的具体实际出发，探讨和论证促进西部金融发展，以增强金融对西部开发的支持力度的若干战略途径和具体策略。全文分为8个部分，其结构和主要内容如下： 第一部分 金融发展与西部开发的绩效 本部分从关乎西部开发绩效的四个重要因素，即资本形成、产业结构调整、企业活力激发、“造血”机制塑造着手，较为深入地阐述了金融发展在西部开发中的地位和作用。认为金融体系的融资功能、资产流动与重组功能、筹资用资的风险约束功能，可以促进西部资本形成、缓解西部开发的资金约束，改善西部产业结构，提升西部企业竞争力，同时，金融发展即金融市场量的扩张和质的改善，还有助于完善西部地区的市场体系，健全市场机制，进而为西部开发以至西部经济的长期稳定增长奠定必不可少的市场制度基础。 第二部分 西部金融发展的现实状态 本部分从实证的角度，具体分析了西部金融发展的现状、成因及其对西部开发的制约。本部分的基本观点是：我国金融发展的区域结构也和经济发展一样，呈现出明显的梯度差异，西部金融发展处于浅层发展的状态，西部金融市场无论是在数量扩张，还是在质量改善上，都明显滞后于东部地区；在经济发展对金融发展依存度不断提高的市场经济中，由于种种主客观原因而导致的西部金融浅层发展的状态，必然会妨碍西部开发的推展。该部分实际上是第一部分思想的逻辑延伸，它们既共同构成了研究和促进西部金融发展的背景，也共同印证了发展西部金融，强化西部开发的金融支持的重要性和紧迫性。 第三部分 西部金融发展的基础和路径 本部分的基本思想是：在经济发展从财政主导型向金融主导型转变的市场经济条件下，西部地区固然需要促进金融发展以强化金融对西部开发的支持力度，但是，区域金融发展是要受到区域实质经济基础如经济的商品化和货币化，储蓄及其与投资的分离，以及排他性产权安排等制度基础的约束的，西部金融发展必须夯实这些基础；从金融应有的功能看，金融发展是金融市场作用范围扩大、作用层次深化、作用力度增强的过程，这一过程从总体上说是一个自然的历史过程，但强调这一点，并不等于否定政府的作用，作为后进型经济的西部地区，“双力(民间力量和政府力量)合一”的成长路径，更应成为其金融发展的必由之路。 第四部分 西部金融组织结构的多元化发展 金融机构的多元化既是金融发展命题的应有之意，也是实现金融工具多样化发展(其本身也是金融发展的内容和标志)的必要条件。由于间接金融既是西部金融系统的主体构成部分，也是西部实质经济发展的主要依赖，因而该部分对金融组织结构多元化的探讨就只限于间接金融领域。本部分主张：强化政策性金融机构及其业务在西部开发中的支持作用；存量调整西部地区国有商业银行以提高其运营效率；发展西部地区各类地方性金融机构，以满足当地中小企业、个体工商户、农村承包户等次级经济力量对金融服务的需求；鼓励外资金融机构西进以促进西部大开发对外资的利用。 第五部分 西部资本市场的发展 作为金融体系的有机组成部分，资本市场及其发展是金融发展的当然内容和标志，国家如此，区域亦然。但就一个区域而言，资本市场的发展主要体现在该区域对国内外资本市场的介入和利用的程度。长期来看，各区域能在多大程度上介入和利用资本市场，要取决于各区域企业的竞争能力，而不是政府的扶持。因此，本部分主张发展西部股票市场应当着眼于长远，重点从提高西部卜市公司的创新能力，改善其结构及市场形象，开发和培养上市公司后备军等方面，来提高西部上市公司的整体赢利能力，进而提高西部地区对股票市场参与和利用的程度。同时，还应努力抓住当前我国企业债券发展的良机，采取更为积极的措施促进西部企业的债券融资，以期最大限度地分享中国未来企业债券市场快速发展的好处。 第六部分 货币金融政策的区域化调整 本部分认为，区域经济发展不平衡是中国在现代化过程中必须面对的难题和障碍，也是中国货币金融政策进行区域化调整的现实基础和客观根据。着眼于总量调节的统一的货币金融政策，加剧了社会资金空间配置的失衡，进而扩大了区域间金融、经济发展的差距。为缩小这种差距，中央政府应当重视货币金融政策的结构调整功能，实行地区差别化的货币金融政策。具体到西部大开发中，就是要对西部地区实行更加倾斜的货币金融政策，以引导金融资源向西部地区流动，促进西部金融发展，增强金融在西部大开发中的支持作用，期间，相应的财政政策措施是西向倾斜的货币金融政策发挥作用所必不可少的，二者的协调配合有助于加快西部大开发的进程。 第七部分 西部金融发展中的地方政府推动更多还原

【Abstract】 Finance development has something to do with economy increasing. This idea is taken as the leading thought of the full paper. Criticizing and drawing lessons from the related finance principle, method and the result of study in the western economics, developing economics, and west finance theories, this paper announce to public the important meaning played by the finance development in the opening up the west in china, analyze the characteristics of the backward condition of the western finance, and its controls to western development. Based on that, this paper proves the urgent need to make a great development in the western finance, and studies how to develop the finance industry in western region and enhance the financial support to the opening up the west. The full paper is divided into 8 parts. Its construction is as follows with the main contents:Parti. Finance development and the efficiency in the opening up the west With the analysis to the affection played by finance to the capital formation, industrial structure adjusts, the business enterprise vitality, the mechanism molds of " build the blood", etc, which would make a great affection to the results of western development, This part expatiated thoroughly the position and the function of the finance development in the opening up the west. The paper thinks what function the finance system have as bellowing: money raising function, property flowing and reorganizing, risk controls function etc, can not only promote the capital formation of the western region, but also improve the western industrial structure, increase the power of competition of the enterprises in western region. Meanwhile, the finance development, namely the expansion in the quantity of the finance market and its improvement in the quality, is beneficial to perfect the market system of western region.Part2. The realistic appearance of the western finance development In a specific way from the angle of the substantial evidence, this part analyzes the present condition of the finance development in western region. The district construction of the finance development in our country is similar to the economic development, also presenting obvious district difference. Western finance is placed in the appearance that shallow layer development while eastern finance is placed in deepens. Western finance market, whether its extent in the quantity or its improvement in quality, obviously falls behind the one in eastern region. Such appearance would hinder by all means the opening up the west. On the logic way of thinking, the part in reality is extending of the idea of part 1.Part3. The basis and path of western finance development Under the marketing condition of change from the public finance-leading model to the finance-leading model, the western districts need to promote the finance development in order to strengthen the financial supports for the western development. But the level of finance development in a certain district should be restricted by the district foundations of essential economy and system, which primarily includecommercialization, and monetization, and separation between saving and investment, arrangement in the system of private property right, and etc. If we want to promote finance development of western regions, we must tamp the three foundations mentioned above. In regard to the function that finance should have, finance development is a process in which the function of finance market would get to strengthen. This process is conducting naturally in general, but it could not deny the important roll played by government. Actually, in those junior develop region as the western in China, finance market should grow up along the path together with folk power (nature power) and government power.Part4. The diversification of western finance organization structure The diversification of finance organization structure is the idea that the term of finance development should have, and the essential condition to realize the diversification of finance tools. In considerati更多还原