【作者】 秦杰；

【导师】 黄承逵； 刘德富；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 结构工程， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道应用于水电站工程始于二十世纪六十至七十年代，由前苏联水电专家提出。钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道一般布置在下游坝面，俗称“钢衬钢筋混凝土坝后背管”。与传统坝内管道相比，钢衬钢筋混凝土坝后背管在管道布置和结构形式上有其独特优点。我国在1985年建设的东江水电站中首先使用了这种结构形式。此后，在紧水滩、锦江、桃林口、五强溪、李家峡、景洪水电站工程中陆续推广使用，举世瞩目的三峡水电站采用的就是“浅槽式钢衬钢筋混凝土坝后背管”。 但是，随着钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道的广泛应用，有一些问题暴露出来。①李家峡坝后背管在施工期就出现裂缝，由此引出钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道施工期性能研究问题；②根据对运行多年的钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道实地勘察，发现管道的裂缝宽度均超过当初设计裂缝宽度，由此引出裂缝控制问题。 因此，本文首先针对这两方面问题进行了研究。为使计算结果具有对比性和实际意义，结合与三峡大学合作研究的中国三峡开发总公司委托项目“三峡电站压力管道优化设计方案工作性态研究”，以能够代表我国钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道设计和施工最高水平的三峡电站压力管道为研究对象，进行了以下研究： 1．合作开发完成了混凝土施工仿真计算程序FZFX3D。此程序成功实现了混凝土三维跳仓浇筑，混凝土徐变应力计算等。其中，前处理和后处理采用著名的ANSYS软件，编写完成了可实现两软件之间数据交换的接口程序。首次提出并实现了混凝土施工仿真计算软件与通用有限元软件各取所长、互为所用的软件开发思路,明显优于传统的混凝土施工仿真计算软件开发思路。从而使混凝土施工仿真计算软件与通用有限元软件两者相得益彰，在效率高、成果优方面实现了突破 2．对左厂9#钢管坝段坝后背管进行了混凝土施工仿真计算，得到了坝后背管混凝土施工期典型的温度场与应力场。同时给出了坝后背管蓄水前初始应力状况，提出了优化施工计划的原则和方法。对以后坝后背管混凝土的施工具有实际指导意义； 3．在三峡工程大坝混凝土施工仿真中实现了混凝土施工实时仿真计算，计算结果与坝体实测结果吻合较好，验证了混凝土施工实时仿真计算 这种方法的科学性和实用性。这项研究工作的完成为以后大坝混凝土 施工实时仿真计算奠定了基础；4．使用ANSYS软件，建立了温度荷载作用下常规钢材钢筋混凝土压力管 道的有限元计算模型。此计算模型能够准确地计算温度荷载对管道缝 宽与钢材应力的影响，有限元计算结果与三峡电站压力管道1：2模型 试验吻合较好，证实了此有限元计算模型的可靠性： 对常规钢衬钢筋混凝上压力管道，仅靠计算方法是不能解决裂缝控制等问题的。因此，采用把常规钢衬钢筋混凝上压力管道进行改性，以减小甚至避免裂缝的出现是一个很有前途的方向。因为这样既保留了此类管道在布置上的优点，又避免了由于带裂缝工作而引发的耐久性问题。 基于此思路，提出了两种改性钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道：即钢衬钢筋钢纤维混凝土压力管道、钢材钢筋钢纤维自应力混凝土压力管道，并进行了以下开创性的研究：l 以三峡电站压力管道为原型，按相似比1：10制作完成了常规钢衬钢 筋混凝土压力管道、改性钢材钢筋混凝土压力管道模型。同时，研制 了新型的内水压力模拟方法，成功进行了压力管道的模型试验；2．模型试验表明，钢衬钢筋钢纤维混凝上压力管道限裂能力明显增强： 钢衬钢筋钢纤维自应力混凝土压力管道则有优良的抗裂能力。这两种 改性压力管道弥补了常规钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道的缺点，在工程应 用上将有广阔的空间：3．对圆形和马蹄形管道进行了28天养护期内力监测，研究了钢衬钢筋钢 纤维自应力混凝土压力管道的自应力成长过程，明确了钢筋的预拉应 力数值，为此类改性管道设计直接提供依据；4．对钢纤维自应力混凝土材料进行了长期性能研究。研究表明，钢纤维 自应力混凝土的长期性能是可以保证的，其五年龄期时的变形与三个 月龄期变形相当。这就消除了部分工程技术人员对钢纤维自应力混凝 土材料长期性能的疑虑；5．针对钢材钢筋钢纤维自应力混凝土压力管道，提出了自应力等效内水 压力概念，从而在钢衬钢筋钢纤维混凝土压力管道和钢衬钢筋钢纤维 自应力混凝上压力管道之间建立了直接的联系。最后，给出了三种材 料下压力管道的实用设计公式，并以三峡电站压力管道为例进行设计， 显示了改性钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道在限裂、抗裂方面的优越性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Steel Lined Reinforced Concrete Penstock(SLRCP) is raised by the experts of Russia, which was firstly applied to hydropower station during 1960s to 1970s. Since SLRCP is placed on the downstream of the dam, it has specific advantages. In China hydropower station, SLRCP is firstly used in Dongjiang. Later, this type of penstock is used in Jinshuitan, Jinjiang, Taolinkou, Wuqiangxi, Lijiaxia, Jinghong, and also in the largest hydropower station: Three-Gorge hydropower station.However, some defects are discovered along with the extensive application of SLRCP. 〤rack occurs during the construction period of SLRCP in Lijiaxian hydropower station, which generate the study of SLRCP construction period ; 〢ccording to the survey of SLRCP which runs for years, the crack width exceed the design width. So, the crack control is focused.Therefore, the first part of this paper is focused on this two aspects. To make the calculation result practical, the SLRCP of Three-Gorge hydropower station acts as the specimen. The following aspects are studied:1. A concrete construction simulating software FZFX3D is accomplished. This software can deal with three-dimension sequence concrete placement, concrete creep stress calculation. ANSYS is applied to the pre-processor and post-processor stage. The interface program for exchanging data between FZFX3D and ANSYS is also written. One new software thought is firstly raised: combining the concrete simulating software with the commercial FEA software, and at the same time, take full advantage of each software. This thought is better than the conventional software thought;2. The SLRCP construction of No. 9 steel-tube dam monolith of Three-Gorges hydropower station left workshop is studied. Threeaspects are studied:畉he temperature field and stress field of penstock during construction period;?the initial temperature and stress status of penstock before subjected to internal water pressure;(3)the optimization of the penstock construction;3. Alive construction simulating is applied to simulate the No. 9 monolith construction process of Three Gorges hydropower station. The results indicate that the values of the monitoring instruments coincide with the calculated results. Compared with traditional construction simulating, alive construction simulating is necessary during the construction of large hydropower station. It can reflect the dams’ alive temperature and stress field, so the dam status can be monitored.4. An ANSYS-based FEA model to calculate the thermal loads applying on SLRCP is raised. This model can calculate the exact crack width and steel stress of SLRCP. The calculated results coincide well with the model experiment, which assure the exaction of FEA model.The accurate calculate method can not solve the crack control problem of SLRCP. So, changing the material property of SLRCP to decrease the crack width or to avoid the crack to happen is a good method. This method can keep the advantage of SLRCP, and at the same time avoid its disadvantage.So, two new SLRCP .is presented: Steel lined steel fiber reinforced concrete penstock(SLSFRCP),Steel lined steel fiber self-stress reinforced concrete penstock(SLSFSRCP). Some pioneer research about SLSFRCP and SLSFSRCP is given below.1. The scale of the model is 1 against 10. Three kinds penstock model are made: SLRCP, SLSFRCP, SLSFSRCP. -A new load equipment is invented in the model test;2. The model test results indicate: SLSFRCP has a better ability to control crack; SLSFSRCP has a better ability to avoid crack. These can make up the shortcoming of SLRCP;23. To study the steel stress development of penstock, ring-form SLSFSRCP and horse-shoe SLSFSRCP during curing period are monitored. The pre-tension stress due to expansion of self-stressing concrete can be used in design;4. The long-term property of steel fiber self-stressing concrete is studied. The results indicate that this material has a good long-term stability. The expansive deformation of 5 years is equal to 90更多还原