【作者】 徐敬；

【导师】 胡家升； 王秀坤；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 光学工程， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 本论文对舰艇对海上目标纯方位定位的方法进行了较深入的理论分析和工程实践研究。研究内容共分五个方面，分别是单舰纯方位无源定位机动研究、单舰纯方位无源定位跟踪研究、多舰无源数据关联研究、多舰纯方位无源定位研究以及舰艇纯方位无源定位系统的工程实现，主要完成了如下的工作： 1 提出一种规避因子矩阵的方法，把根据情报获得的目标(敌舰艇)可能活动区域，以及电子海图提供的陆地岛礁信息加入修正增益推广卡尔曼滤波器中，对目标状态方程进行修正处理，可提高修正增益推广卡尔曼滤波定位算法的定位精度。。 2 给出一种把运动目标(敌舰艇)的航速约束当作增加的测量值加入到测量方程的方法，约束的强度由约束条件的噪声方差确定，可提高修正增益推广卡尔曼滤波定位算法的定位精度。 3 针对修正增益推广卡尔曼滤波器对间歇开机的敌舰艇辐射源的纯方位定位容易发散的问题，提出了一种有较好收敛性的基于变化方位角的最小二乘估计实用算法。 4 针对现行属性关联算法的缺点，把改进的误差后向传播(BP)神经网络方法应用于属性关联，该方法有较高的关联成功率。 5 研究了多舰纯方位跟踪的算法，把多舰纯方位跟踪分成集中式跟踪和分布式跟踪两类，并分别进行了分析比较，重点研究了测向交叉定位法的实现及误差分析，给出了基于测向交叉定位的多舰对运动辐射源的跟踪算法和基于信息融合的多舰纯方位分布式跟踪算法。 6 对单舰纯方位跟踪可观测性的必要条件进行了分析，并讨论了观测舰的最优机动方法。 7 进行了舰艇纯方位无源定位系统及其工程实现方法的研究，给出了应用单舰和多舰纯方位无源定位系统引导反舰导弹实施超视距隐蔽攻击的方法和作战流程，研究了基于匀速直线运动的测向数据校准处理方法和测向方位角数据的预处理方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dissertation goes deep into the theory analysis and engineering practical application researches on the bearings-only passive location of maritime targets by warships. The major research works are divided into five sections, including warship bearings-only tracking maneuver research, warship bearings-only tracking research, multi-warships passive data association research, multi-warships passive location research and the engineering implementation of bearings-only passive location systems. The detailed research works are outlined as follows:(1) A method of evasion factor matrix is presented, which can add the possible patrol zone of targets (enemy’s warships) according to intelligence, and the land and island information provided by electronic chart to the Modified Gain Extended Kalman Filter, and modifies state equation. It can improve the location precision of the Modified Gain Extended Kalman Filter.(2) A method of regarding the target speed constraints as additional measures and addsing it to measure equation is presented, the constraints intensity is decided by noise variance. It can improve the location precision of the Modified Gain Extended Kalman Filter.(3) Aiming at solving the divergence problom of the Modified Gain Extended Kalman Filter when bearings-only location the enemy’s intermission warship emitter , a least square estimation algorithm based on variant azimuth is presented, which has the advantage of good convergence performance.(4) The necessity passive data association in multi-warships bearings-only tracking is studied, and feature association and space association algorithms is discussed. Aiming at the disadvantages of present feature association algorithm, the modified BP neutral network is applied to feature association and has a higher association rates.(5) The multi-warships bearings-only tracking algorithm is studied, it is divided into central bearings-only tracking and distributed bearings-only tracking. The two ways are compared and analyzed. The implement of direction finding cross location and errors analysis are on the focus. The multi-warships bearings-only tracking algorithm based on direction finding cross location and distributed multi-warships bearings-only tracking are also presented.(6) The observation prerequisite of single warship bearings-only tracking is analyzed, andoptimal maneuver of the observer warship is discussed.(7) The warships bearings-only passive location system and its engineering implement is researched, the operation flow and methods of over-the-horizon concealed missile attack using single and multi-warship bearings-only passive location system is presented. The direction finding data calibration and pretreatment based on uniform speed straight movement are also studied.更多还原