【作者】 崔玉鹏；

【导师】 杨则宜；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 运动营养生化， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 利用血清CK及其同工酶的变化对运动所导致的骨骼肌损伤做出及时准确的评定将不仅有利于运动员合理训练负荷的安排，而且对于减少运动所导致的损伤，维持良好的竞技能力有着深远的意义。本研究的目的是，通过动物及人体实验探索运动后骨骼肌损伤的程度与血液CK及其同王酶变化的相互关系；同时观察不同营养补剂对这些变化的影响。本研究由以下四个部分组成。 动物实验一：大鼠不同负荷游泳运动后血浆CK活性变化与骨骼肌损伤。将60只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分组，训练组大鼠进行为期6周的递增负荷游泳训练，最终进行一次力竭游泳运动；根据游泳时间长短，非训练一次性运动大鼠被分为25分钟组、50分钟组和力竭组；用大鼠比目鱼肌Z线异常率来反映骨骼肌的损伤程度，同时检测大鼠红腓肠肌和血浆CK变化。结果发现，非训练大鼠游泳运动后血浆CK及其同工酶CK-MM变化与比目鱼肌Z线异常率显著相关，相关系数分别是r=0.976(P＜0.024)和r=0.981(P＜0.019)；训练大鼠力竭游泳运动后比目鱼肌Z线异常率显著(P＜0.05)低于非训练大鼠的水平，同时血浆CK及其同工酶水平也低于(P＜0.1)非训练大鼠的水平。由此可见，①非训练大鼠游泳运动后骨骼肌的损伤与血浆CK及其同工酶CK-MM变化之间存在紧密的相关关系；②游泳训练显著降低了大鼠游泳运动后骨骼肌的损伤程度，并降低了运动后血浆CK活性水平的变化。 动物实验二：下坡跑训练大鼠不同负荷离心收缩运动后血浆CK活性变化与骨骼肌损伤。雄性Wistar大鼠40只随机分组；训练组大鼠进行2周的递增负荷下坡跑跑台运动训练，最终进行一次大、中和小负荷的下坡跑运动。结果发现，训练大鼠完成不同负荷的下坡跑运动后血浆CK及其同工酶CK-MM与运动后比目鱼肌Z线异常率的相关系数分别是r=0.998(P＜0.002)和r=0.99(P＜0.01)：经过48小时的恢复，大负荷运动的大鼠血浆CK-MM活性水平显著(P＜0.05)低于其运动后即刻的水平。这表明，①下坡跑训练大鼠离心收缩运动后骨骼肌的损伤与血浆CK及其同工酶CK-MM之间存在显 雀 ＆ k 博士论文：运动后骨骼肌损伤与血液CK活性变化的研究著的相关关系；②离心收缩训练大鼠下坡跑运动后48小时，血浆CK及其同工酶变化基本恢复。 人体实验一：男女柔道运动员大负荷运动后血清Mb、LDH、CK及其同工酶亚型的变化。柔道运动员男5名女4名，平均年龄分别是16．3上0．3岁和16 2土0．5岁；在大负荷运动前和运动后即刻、12小时、24小时、36小时、48小时取血样检测血清Mb、LDH、CTNI、CK及其同工酶亚型。结果发现，①男柔道运动员大负荷运动后24／J’时，血清CK同工酶亚型＊L＊M活性水平较运动前的水平显著0＜0刀5）增加；②男柔道运动员大负荷运动后即刻，血清Mb水平显著（P＜0刀5）高于其运动前和运动后12小时的水平；③女柔道运动员大负荷运动后，血清Mb、CK及其同工酶亚型的变化没有男运动员的变化明显。 人体实验二：篮球运动员大负荷运动后血清Mb、LDH、CK及其同工酶亚型的变化。篮球运动员男11名，平均年龄21．8士 l．0岁。结果发现，运动员大负荷运动后，血清CK及其同工酶CK－MM活性的峰值出现在运动后24小时，血清Mb、CK－MM。％和CK－MM3／CK－MM；的峰值出现在运动后即刻，且显著高于其运动前（P＜0．05）和运动后12小时（P＜0．05）的水平。这表明，①篮球运动员大负荷运动后血清CK－MM。％、CKMM。％／CK－MM；％和Mb水平显著增加出现的时间（运动后即刻）较血清CK和CK－MM （运动后24小时）的早，它们是运动后骨骼肌损伤诊断的敏感指标；②篮球运动员大负荷运动后血清Mb变化与男柔道运动员的相似，运动后即刻的水平显著（P＜0．05）高于其运动前和运动后12小时的水平。 总之，非训练大鼠和离心收缩训练大鼠递增负荷运动后骨骼肌损伤与血浆CK、＊义＊M之间存在显著的J＜0刀5）线性相关关系；运动训练可导致大鼠运动后骨骼肌损伤和血浆CK的适应性变化；运动后血清CK－MM3％和Mb变化是反映运动员大负荷运动后骨骼肌损伤的敏感指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 It will be of great significance not only to successful arrangement of proper training load for athletes, but also to reducing exercise-induced injury and maintaining of potential physical performance and health condition if exercise-induced muscle damage could be evaluated precisely just in time by changes of serum CK and isoenzymes. So the aim of this study is to probe the correlation between exercise-induced muscle damage and changes of serum CK and isoenzymes after exercise by animal and human experiment, with the effects of different nutritious tonic on these changes investigated at the same time. The study is consisted of the following four parts.1st experiment. Relationship between changes of rat plasma CK activity after progressive load swimming exercise and muscle damage. 60 male Wistar rats were divided into groups randomly. Rats of training group undertook a 6-week swimming training program with progressively increasing load, with an exhaustive swimming exercise at last. Untrained rats were divided into 25-minute group, 50-minute group and exhaustive group in according to swimming duration. Exercise-induced muscle damage was reflected by Z-band abnormality of rat soleus muscle, with changes of serum and red gastrocnemius muscle CK measured simultaneously. Results found, there was a significant correlation between Z-band abnormality of soleus muscle and changes of plasma CK and CK-MM of untrained rats after swimming, with coefficients being r=0.976(P<0.024) and r=0.981(P<0.019). The Z-band abnormality and level of plasma CK and isoenzymes of trained rats after swimming was lower (P<0.1) than that of untrained rats. It was concluded, 〢n inseparable correlation between exercise-induced muscle damage and plasma CK, CK-MM of untrained rats after swimming was found. (2)The degree of exercise-induced muscle damage was significantly reduced by swimming training, with changes of plasma CK also decreased.2nd experiment. Changes of plasma CK activity of down hill running trained rats after eccentric exercise with different load and exercise-induced muscle damage. 40 male Wistar rats were divided into groups randomly. Rats of training groups undertook a 2-week down hill running program with progressively increasing load, an exercise of heavy, moderate and light load of down hill running would be performed at last. Results found, the coefficients between Z-band abnormality of soleus muscle and plasma CK and CK-MM of trained rats after down hill running with different load were r=0.998(P<0.002) and r=0.99(P<0.01). The plasma CK-MM activity was significantly lower (P<0.05) after 48 hour’s recovery than that of immediately after exercise. These results indicated, ㏕here was a significant correlationbetween exercise-induced muscle damage and plasma CK and CK-MM of down hill training rats after eccentric exercise. (2)Changes of plasma CK and isoenzymes of eccentric exercise trained rats primarily recovered 48 hours after exercise.3rd experiment. Changes of serum Mb, LDH, CK and isoenzymes of male and female judo players after heavy load exercise. 5 male and 4 female judo players, averaged 16.3 ± 0.3 and 16.2±0.5 years old. Blood was taken from vein at before exercise and Oh, 12h, 24h, 36h and 48h after exercise with Mb, LDH, cTNI, CK and isoforms measured. Results found, (1) Serum CK-MM 3 of male players at 24h after exercise was significantly greater(P<0.05) than the level before exercise. (2)Peak value of serum Mb of male players appeared immediately after heavy exercise, and was significantly greater(P<0.05) than the level before and 12h after exercise. (3)There was no significant changes in serum Mb, CK and isoforms of female players after heavy exercise compared with male players.4th experiment. Changes of serum Mb, LDH, CK and isoforms of basketball players after heavy load exercise. 11 male basketball players, averaged 21.8±1.0 years old. Results found, peak of serum CK and CK-MM of players appeared at 24h after exercise. While peak value of serum Mb, CK-MM3% and CK-MM3%/CK-MM]% was significan更多还原