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中国蔬菜产业的国际竞争力研究

Study on International Competitiveness of Vegetable Industry in China

【作者】 刘雪

【导师】 傅泽田;

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 , 管理科学与工程, 2002, 博士

【摘要】 随着全球经济一体化和贸易自由化的不断加深,按照比较优势原则积极参与国际分工与合作是各国的共同取向。 在全球经济一体化与中国已经成为WTO成员的大背景下,分析和评估中国蔬菜产业的国际竞争能力,研究如何使中国蔬菜产业的潜在比较优势转化为现实竞争优势,不仅有利于解决中国农业劳动力就业问题,增加农民收入,实现资源的优化配置,而且有助于指导蔬菜生产企业更好地面向国际市场进行生产经营,为政府采取合理的宏观经济政策提供客观依据。基于这样一种认识,本文拟从蔬菜经济学和国际贸易的角度出发,客观、公正地评价中国蔬菜产业的国际竞争力,并研究提升中国蔬菜产业国际竞争力的策略。 把握蔬菜产业的经济学特征是研究中国蔬菜产业国际竞争力的基础性工作,论文第2章重点分析蔬菜作为生活质量类食品的消费特征,在论文的其它章节始终贯穿了蔬菜生产、贸易等其它经济学特征的分析。 蔬菜产业是加入WTO后中国农产品出口中为数不多的优势产品之一,第3章在回顾比较优势理论的整个发展过程,介绍了几种有代表性的理论后,对包括蔬菜在内的不同农产品的比较优势进行计算、对比和分析;对加工程度不同的蔬菜和不同的蔬菜品种的比较优势进行了国际对比研究。在此基础上,探讨了实现蔬菜产业由比较优势向竞争优势转化,以及避免陷入比较优势陷阱,增强蔬菜产业竞争力的重要意义。 由于本身固有的缺陷以及在适用范围上的极大局限性,传统的比较优势理论不能很好地解释国际蔬菜市场的“里昂惕夫之迷”和高度发达的产业内贸易特征,因而也不可能为制定合适的政府政策提供相应的理论指导,竞争优势理论应运而生。在经济全球化条件下,面对发达国家资本对劳动的替代,中国蔬菜生产上的比较优势只能成为竞争优势的必要条件,而创造条件实现比较优势向竞争优势的转化,才是发挥中国蔬菜产业的资源优势,提高中国蔬菜产业竞争力的未来取向。 第5章在界定蔬菜产业体系的基础上,对影响蔬菜产业竞争力的主要因素进行了辨识,包括:要素条件;需求因素;运输成本;科学技术;产业组织和市场营销等。 对中国蔬菜产业国际竞争力水平全面、客观的认识是论文的关键内容,论文的第6章构建了评价蔬菜产业国际竞争力的指标体系,并对包括中国在内、涵盖世界蔬菜的主要生产国和贸易国的13个国家的蔬菜产业国际竞争力进行了单项指标评价分析和综合水平评价。论文的落脚点在于针对中国蔬菜产业国际竞争力水平和产业状况,提出切实可行的提升中国蔬菜产业国际竞争力的策略。

【Abstract】 With the developing of globalization and free trade, it’s the common tropism to follow the Principle of Comparative Advantage in participating international division and corporation.The aim of this paper is to study and evaluate the international competitiveness of Chinese Vegetable Industry (CVI), and then put forward corresponding counter-measures to promote it. As an industry with comparative advantage, China Vegetable bears responsibilities of increasing employment opportunities, increasing farmers’ income and realizing effective resource allocation. So this study will make contributions towards guiding Vegetable Corporations manage their production in international market, and offering government foundation in making macroeconomic decision.To hold economics characteristic of vegetable industry is the basic work of the paper, so the consuming characteristics of vegetable are analyzed, and characteristic of vegetable production and trade are studied as well.The status of CVI’s Comparative advantage is studied, on the base of which, it is discussed that it is essential to realize the transition from comparative advantage to competitive advantage in order to avoid entering the "trap of comparative advantage".The understanding of concepts of vegetable industry system and International competitiveness of Vegetable Industry is helpful to identify main factors affecting vegetable industry, which include basic production elements, demand factor, transportation cost, scientific technology, industry organization, and marketing.The independent, reasonable and practical index system is set up to appraise the status of CVI ’s international competitiveness. The level of vegetable production elements, productivity, trade achievements, price, developing trend and comprehensive ability of 13 countries’ vegetable industry including China are studied and compared. The results show that CVI who bears high level’s comparative advantage lacks international competitiveness. So China is confronted the task to raise its vegetable industry’s competitive ability. Taking into account of CVI’s comparative advantage and its international competitiveness, strategies to improve its international competitiveness are put forward.

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