【作者】 李庆；

【导师】 叶华智；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种学， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 麦蚜是世界小麦生产上的重要害虫，国内为害小麦的蚜虫主要有麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminium (Rondani))、禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi linne)和麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)等。近年禾谷缢管蚜已成为我省及长江流域小麦蚜虫的重要优势种群，其危害不仅引起产量和品质降低，而且还传播大麦黄矮病毒(BYDV)。 小麦族含有重要的抗虫基因资源，培育和利用抗蚜品种是麦蚜综合治理的重要措施之一，对种质资源的抗性鉴定、筛选和抗蚜机理的研究是抗蚜育种的重要基础工作。研究利用小麦近缘属种的抗虫性，将抗虫基因导入栽培小麦品种，培育抗虫的小麦品种是小麦育种需要解决的重要课题。 为找到抗蚜的种质资源，本研究在自然条件下对小麦族18个属108种(亚种或变种)及小黑麦共1012份材料小麦族种质资源对禾谷缢管蚜的成株期抗性进行了2年的系统鉴定，同时研究了野生近缘物种对禾谷缢管蚜的生化抗性机制，获得了重大结果和显著进展。 1、1999年对一年生小麦族8个属、58个种(变种或亚种)和小黑麦共912份材料对麦蚜的抗性进行初筛鉴定，高感690份，占75.66％；有一定抗性表现的222份，占24.34％。除鉴定的5种(变种)黑麦(Secale)15份、2份莫迦小麦(Triticum macha)、3份印度圆粒小麦(T.sphaerococcum)、3份栽培二粒小麦(T.turgidum L.dicoccum)、5份波兰小麦(T.turgidum L.concv.polonicum)、4份硬粒小麦(T.turgidum L.durum)、11份野生二粒小麦(T.turgidum L.var. dicoccoides)、1份波斯小麦(T. turgidum L.concv.carthlicum)、2份密穗小麦(T.compactum)、1份圆锥小麦(T.turgidum L.)、3份新疆小麦(T.petropavlovskyi)和10份小黑麦(Triticale)高感麦蚜，其余高感材料存在于普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)。 2、利用蚜量比值法对1999年鉴定为有一定抗蚜性表现的小麦属7个种(或变种)53份材料或品种；小麦族一年生近缘野生植物7个属、41种(变种)169份材料进行了成株期对禾谷缢管蚜的田间抗性评价，结果表明：在小麦属(Triticum)内没有发现高抗禾谷缢 管蚜的材料或品种，仅7份材料（包括2份野生一粒小麦厂穴止umL．地 切＼olzcl，），1，2份栽培一粒小麦 M ＼OopCOCClll）1和 3份阿拉拉特小麦变种 7htitl’lll tavi var orwxillcllm）对禾谷缢管蚜表现出中抗．在鉴定的 7个属（山羊鞭 A咖、 毛节草属C八的收仍s、旱麦草属Erem一、簇毛麦属DennsW7I）ll、异型踞Heterollmettltlll、 带芒草属TaenisH？e，7t）1？、大麦属Hdum）41种169 r年生小麦野生近缘植物中，高抗 14份、中抗 42份、低抗 38份、感蚜 75份，分别占 8．28O。24．85o、22．4op和 44．38O．14 份高抗材料均存在于山羊草（包括4份欧山羊草Ae biunc讪＊份小亚山羊草Ae．coMnar丸 3份离果山羊草 Ae hyl，，lcmuv，2 e凡那里山羊草 A…，2 N氏山羊草易变变走中 Ae 切砒蜘vs…bdis和 2份小伞山羊草Ae．umbellulata人 3、连续两年对小麦族多年生野生近缘舢10个属（冰草属w n、披碱草属Er。、 堰麦草属御卯、M草属 Hysfrir、大麦属 HOrdeum、仲冰草属 Ke…、新麦草属 尸砒呵皿附W叫、赖草属扛侧一鹅观草属R“以脚血、拟鹅观草属Pse砒奴mpe厂劝）50种 100份多年蛔狄缘蛐进行了渊期觎仕鉴定，首次娜2鹏麦草（Eyy吵呷。人 2账徽医麦草（恤卯 elo侧＼ 2份费尔干惬麦草（伽…卢pensis）和 1份窄颖 赖草（仁删。p ins）锨禾谷缢管蚜。 4、通过人工接蚜，测定了取食不同抗性水平的9种山羊草u哈…billllcch，Ae 尸佣nae，Ae切tscop vr varbo撇，Ae．ovata，Ae．elaf’tsiala，Ae．lal’sc，lu，Ae．vav彻。i， Ae．eras，Ae．ventricosa）成状砰口幼茵的禾谷缢管蚜生命参数内禀自然增长率（rm），研究 了可溶性糖、可溶牲蛋白质、游离氨基酸、水解赃酸一总酗丁布（DIMBOA）含量与抗 禾谷缢管蚜的关系，明确了山羊草抗蚜的部分u。 茵期测试结果表明：山羊草植株总酚冶量与对禾谷缢管蚜的抗牲无关，丁布含量副氏与 抗蚜关系密切，禾谷缢管蚜内禀自然增长率h）同丁布含量呈显著负相关（卜0．760”）。 渊期测试结果显示叶片可溶牲糖、可溶性蛋白酬总陇量与禾谷缢绷内禀自然增 长率、）之间不存在显著的相关关系，即它们的含量多少与栅性无关．逐步回归分析表 2 明游离脯氨酸和丝氨6＃sf量与蚜虫内禀自然增长率、）呈极显著或显著的正相关，其逐 步回归摊为：fm二0．0636to．23伽树刊．982X。＼脯氨酸和丝氨酚酗制有利于蚜虫的 生长发育和繁殖，表现出的抗哇则趟氏。水解氨基酸的测定结果同样表明脯氨酸含量与蚜 虫内禀自然增长率 ＊）呈显著的正相关关系，其回归就如下：l．－＊＊更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat aphids were the serious pests in wheat production, In the recent years, Oat bird-cherry(Rhopalosiphumpadi L.) has became the superious aphid species among the three frequent ones(Schizaphis graminum, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Sitobion avenae) during anthesis and milkstage in Sichuan province and Yangtse River basin in China, It not only causes the reduction ofyield and quality, but also transmits barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) .Wild relatives in Triticeae possess the important sources of insect resistance. Growthing resistant cultivars is one of elements in the Intergated Pest Management (IPM) of wheat aphids. Evaluatingon resistance of germplasm resources to aphid is a fundamental job in breeding resistant cultivars to aphids.To search for sources of oat bird-cherry (Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)) resistance in Triticeae,1012 accessions from 108 species (subspecies or varieties) of 18 genera and Triticale in Triticeae were systematically evaluated for resistance to this aphid at adult plant stage under natural infestation condition. In addition, Partial biochemical resistant mechanism of wild relatives inTriticeae to R padi were made out. The results were as follows:1. In 1999, 912 accessions from 58 species (subspecies or varieties) of 8 genera in annual Triticeae and Triticale were initially evaluated for resistance to mixture population of aphids, 690 entries exhibited high susceptibility , and 222 entries with slight resistance , to mixture populations of aphids, The percentage was 75.66% and 24.34%, respectively. Of them, Most entries with high susceptibility existed in Triticum aestivum besides 15 accessions of Secale, 2 Triticum macha, 3 T.sphaerococcum, 3 T. turgidum L. dicoccon, 5 T. turgidum L. concv. polonicum, 4 T.5turgidum L. durum, 11 T. turgidum L. var. dicoccoides, 1 T. turgidum L. concv. carthlicum, 2 T. compactwn , JT. turgidum, 3 T. petropavlovskyi and lOTriticale tested.2. 53 accessions from 7 Trificum species (varieties) and 169 accessions from 41 species (varieties) of 7 genera in annual wild Triticeae, Which were regarded as slight resistance to aphids in 1999 , were evaluated for resistance to R. pctdi in adult plant stage by using aphid number ratio, respectively. The results showed that no entries with high resistance to R. padi were found within genus Triticum, Only 7 entries (including 2 Triticum monococcum L. ssp. boeoticum, 2 T. monococcum and 3 T. timopheevi var. araraticum*) exhibited moderate resistance to this pest Of 169 accessions of annual wild relatives (including Aegilops , Crithospsis, Eremopyrum, Dasypyrum, Heteranthelium, Taeniatherum , Hordeum ) tested, High resistance, Moderate resistance, low resistance and susceptibility was 14, 42, 38 and 75 , respectively. The ratio was 8.28%, 24.85%, 22.49% and 44.38%, respectively. 14 accessions with high resistance were found in Aegilops species (including 4 Ae. biuncialis, 1 Ae. columnaris, 3 Ae. triimcialis, 2 Ae. juvenalis, 2 Ae. kotschyi var. variabilis and 2 Ae. umbellulata) .3. 100 accessions of perennial wild relatives from 50 species of 8 genera (including, Agropyron, Elymus, Elytrigia, Hystrix, Hordeum, Kengyia, Psathyrostachys, Leymus, Roegneria and Pseudoroegneria ) were evaluated for resistance to Rpadi in adult plant stage by aphid number ratio in 1999-2000. 7 entries (including 2 Elytrigia repens, 2 Elytrigia elongata, 2Elytrigia ferganensis and 1 Leymus angustus) with high resistance to R. padi were reported for the first time. They are the important sources of resistance to R.padi.4. By artificial aphid inoculation, The life parameter intrinsic innate rate of increase (rm ) ofR. padi feeding on 9 Aegilops species with different level of resistance to this aphid (including Aegilops biuncialis, Ae.juvenalis, Ae. ovata, Ae. kotschyi var. variabilis, Ae. triaristata, Ae. tauschii, Ae. vavilovii, Ae.crassa, Ae.ventricosa) in adult plant and seedling stage weremeasured. Meanwhile,更多还原