【作者】 王振华；

【导师】 杨庆凯； 张世煌；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 玉米矮花叶病是一种世界性病毒病害，目前已成为危害我国玉米生产的主要病害之一。实践证明，培育和种植抗病品种是防治此病的经济有效途径，而抗病育种的成效取决于对抗源和抗病遗传规律的认识。本论文开展抗源鉴定和抗性遗传研究对玉米抗矮花叶病遗传育种具有重要意义。主要研究结果如下： （1）通过对我国60份主要玉米自交系2—3年的人工接种鉴定，筛选到K22、CN962、P138、齐318、齐319等9份高抗系和K22、X178、获白、黄早四等9份抗病系。利用SSR标记将其中的47份骨干自交系划分为7个类群，15份抗病自交系分散于四平头群（A）、旅大红骨群（B）、E群和G群。其中E群和GⅡ亚群被鉴定为抗病毒种质来源。根据杂种优势利用原理，CN962和K22可分别用于改良同一群的纹黄、444和丹340、E28等自交系的抗性。 （2）18个外引群体中Poo119、Suwan 1、Pob．101和Pob．46表现中抗SCMV。12个国内群体仅中综3号和中综4号抗病较好；而中群13、中群14、豫综5号及东北区的一些群体抗病性较差。 （3）对四套抗X感SCMV组合六个世代接种鉴定结果所做的遗传分析表明，在苗期或成株期，抗SCMV基因的加性、显性以及互作效应普遍存在，且在不同杂交组合中遗传方式亦不同。抗SCMV的遗传力较高。在供试组合中，以苗期叶片危害度和成株期病级为鉴定指标均估订到Pa405至少含有1对抗性基因，而黄早四则至少含有2对抗性基因。 （4）以黄早四×掖107的F₂分离群体（184个单株）为作图群体，构建了含有89个SSR标记位点的遗传连锁图谱，覆盖玉米基因组1543cM，平均图距17.3cM。利用F_2:3和F_2:4群体分别将抗性QTL定位于3、6、10染色体上，且位置基本相同；同时利用F_2:4群体在染色体1、5上又各检测到1个QTL。基因作用方式除第1、5染色体上的QTL表现为显性和超显性外，其余均为加性或部分显性，其效应为负值。第3和10染色体上的QTL能解释较大的表型变异，可以认为是主效基因位点。 （5）抗性QTL在植株不同发育阶段表达的数目和效应略有不同，但主效QTL的表达基本一致。随植株生长发育检测到的抗性QTL可解释的表型变异逐渐增大。在苗期抗病性主要由位于染色体3、5、10上的3个QTL控制；在拔节期和抽雄期由位于染色体3、5、6、10上的4个QTL控制；到成株期由位于1、3、5、6、10染色体上的5个QTL控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV) is one of the most important diseases of maize in China. Development and cultivation of resistant hybrids are the effective strategy to control SCMV.(1) Sixty elite maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines were evaluated for reaction to SCMV with artificial inoculation in 1999 and 2000. The results showed that 9 lines (K22, CN962, P138, Qi318, ZhongziOl, Qi319, etc.) were highly resistant to SCMV, and 9 (X178, Huobai, K12, Huangzao4, etc.) were resistant. The cluster analysis by SSR markers showed that 47 inbreds could be classified into 7 distinct groups with several subgroups. Fifteen resistant inbreds were found in 4 sources (A, B, E, G), respectively. Groups E and Gil were identified as two important groups for SCMV resistance. CN962 and K22 could be used to improve 444 and Dan340 for SCMV resistance, respectively.(2) Of 18 CIMMYT and 12 domestic populations, Pooll9, Syn.C.3, Syn.C.4, Suwanl, Pob.46 and Pob.101 showed moderately resistance to SCMV. Others were all susceptible.(3) The inheritance of resistance to SCMV was studied at seedling and adult stages in progenies derived from four crosses between two resistant lines, Huangzao4 or Pa405, and two susceptibles, Yel07 or Mol7. The results showed that additive and dominant gene effects as well as gene interactions could be found in the inheritance of resistance to SCMV, and gene effects were variable in different crosses. The heritabilities for SCMV resistance were estimated high. Pa405 and Huangzao4 were estimated to contain at least one and two resistant genes to SCMV, respectively.(4) The genetic linkage maps were constructed with 89 SSR markers based on maize population consisting of 184 Fj individuals from the cross Ye 107 (susceptible) X Huangzao4 (resistant), covering 1543cM on total ten chromosomes with an average interval length of 17.3 cM. With the method of composite interval mapping, three QTL conferring resistance to SCMV were identified on chromosomes 3, 6, and 10 in p2;3 and ^2.4 populations, respectively. While two more QTL on chromosomes 1 and 5 were found in p2:4 population, respectively. Significant dominant or over-dominant effects for QTL on chromosomes 1 and 5 were found, and additive or partial dominant effects were detected for QTL on chromosomes 3, 6 and 10. All QTL could explain 34.0% and 69.5% of phenotypic variance in p2:3 and p2:4 populations, respectively. Two QTL on chromosomes 3 and 10 were infered as major ones.(5) The number of QTL detected for resistance to SCMV and gene action were little different, while the major QTL were the same at four growth stages. Three QTL conferring resistance to SCMV were identified on chromosomes 3, 5, and 10 at seedling stage; four QTL identified on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 10 at elongation and anthesis stage; and five QTL identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 10 at filling stage, respectively. Significant negative and additive or partial dominant effects were found among QTL detected at four stages of plant development.Doctorate candidate: Wang Zhenhua Profession: Genetics and breeding of crops Tutor: Prof. Yang QingkaiZhang Shihuang更多还原