【作者】 范晶；

【导师】 赵惠勋；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 生态学， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 采用LCA-4型红外气体分析系统，在野外自然环境条件下，同步测定了生境、起源相同的12年生9个主要成林树种的光合速率和蒸腾速率，并对树种的水分利用效率、叶绿素含量、叶片含N量等生理生态特性进行了系统的研究。分析了气孔导度、细胞间隙CO₂浓度等生理因素和光合有效辐射、温度、大气水气压亏缺等生态因素对光合速率、蒸腾速率的影响。 树种间叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率的时间动态，以及叶片含N量、叶绿素含量、比叶重的季节变化各不相同，主要体现在变化类型、波动程度、变幅大小、峰值出现时间上的差异。统计分析表明，整个生长季中蒸腾速率和细胞间隙CO₂浓度是九个树种叶片光合速率的最主要的影响因子；光合有效辐射是测试树种蒸腾速率的最重要的影响因子，其次是空气温度。水分利用效率的高低主要决定于叶片光合速率的大小，同时受到细胞间隙CO₂浓度以及气孔导度的影响。 光合能力的季节变化与其生长节律密切相关。白桦、水曲柳、蒙古栎、红松的叶片含N量与光合能力均相关显著，相关系数在0.51～0.97之间。叶绿素含量较高的时期，光合能力也较高，二者之间关系紧密。水曲柳和蒙古栎以及红松2年生叶的比叶重与光合能力表现出统计上的显著相关关系。树种间光合能力的差异很大，胡桃楸的光合能力最高(23.6μmolm^-2s^-1)，是光合能力最低的樟子松(2.86μmolm^-2s^-1)的8.25倍。水分利用效率的差异相对较小，白桦的年平均水分利用效率最高，是年平均水分利用效率最低的红松的1.72倍。 分别对九个树种的光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、蒸腾系数进行了排序，并对白桦、水曲柳、蒙古栎和红松叶绿素含量、叶片含N量、比叶重、光合N利用效率也进行了排序。根据蒸腾系数，可以将树种划分为四种类型：节水高产型，节水低产型，耗水高产型，耗水低产型。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the natural environment, using LCA-4 IRGA to measure photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of nine main forest-forming species in the same habitat and origin, the characteristics of physiological ecology, such as water use efficiency, combined chlorophyll concentration and leaf nitrogen content, are studied. Furthermore, the effects of physiological factors (stomatal conduction, CO2 concentration in cell clearance, etc.) and ecological factors (photosynthetic available radiation, temperature, atmospheric water vapor deficit, etc.) on photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate are analyzed.Dynamics of leaf photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency, and seasonal change of leaf nitrogen content, combined chlorophyll concentration and specific leaf weight are mainly represented as the difference of fluctuation intensity, amplitude and appearance time of peak of all variation types. Statistic results show that transpiration rate and CO2 concentration in cell clearance are main influencing factors of leaf photosynthetic rate to nine species in the whole growth season; photosynthetic available radiation is the most important influencing factor of transpiration rate, next is air temperature. Water use efficiency is mainly dependent on leaf photosynthetic rate, as well as CO2 concentration in cell clearance and stomatal conduction.Seasonal change of photosynthetic capacity is related with growth rhythm closely. Leaf nitrogen content of Betula platyphylla, Fraxinas mandshurica, Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis and its photosynthetic capacity have statistical significant correlation, and correlation coefficients are between 0.51 and 0.97. Photosynthetic capacity is high when chlorophyll concentration is high, both of them are relative significantly. Specific leaf weight of Fraxinas mandshurica, Quercus mongolica and two years old leaf of Pinus koraiensis is relative with photosynthetic capacity significantly. The photosynthetic capacity of different species have great difference. Juglans mandshurica is the greatest(23.6 molm-2s-1), and 8.25 times of Pinus sylvestris (2.86 wnolm-2s-1). Ananal average water use efficiency of different species have less difference comparatively. Betula platyphylla is the greatest, and 1.72 times of Pinus koraiensis.Nine species are ordered separately according to photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency and transpiration coefficient. In addition, Betula platyphylla, Fraxinas mandshurica, Quercus mongolica and Pinus koraiensis are ordered according to leaf nitrogen content, combined chlorophyll concentration, specific leaf weight and photosynthetic nitrogen utilization efficiency. On the basis of transpiration rate, species are classified into four types: high yield and water saving, low yield and water saving, high yield and water consuming and low yield and water consuming.更多还原