【作者】 刘卫东；

【导师】 蒋敏元；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 管理学， 2002， 博士

【副题名】稀缺、交易费用、价值与制度的合约性质和选择

【摘要】 本文主要是应用新制度经济学的分析范式并结合价值分析方法，去考察和解释产权制度产生、存在和变迁的经济机制。 我们首先分析了财产权利关系产生和存在的一般逻辑前提和条件；在此基础上，深入分析了所有权和产权范畴的内涵和相互关系，以及产权的权能结构。 在对产权的进—步分析中，我们遇到了“价值”这个难题。本文对价值理论进行了批判分析，重新诠释和构建了劳动价值理论，确立了新的价值和价格分析的理论框架，并应用于产权的规范性分析之中。 在新的价值论基础上，本文分析了财产制度的5种法权形式以及不同法权关系下生产发展的长期趋势和福利后果。然后，我们分析了私人所有权产生和存在的条件、原因及其对资源配置效率的意义，以及私有制关系下劳动者和所有者的职能和收益的结构及演变。 在最后两部分中，综合分析了产权变动的原因和方式，以及政府的合约属性。概括了关于产权安排和变迁的稀缺原理和选择理论；最后总结了产权关系史的研究架构。 本文试图建立或阐明的基本观点和命题是：1、产权是所有权范畴的发展形式，收益权是产权的根本权能；2、在对产权的规范性分析中，价值理论是必需的，价值是由活劳动和物化劳动I(C_I)共同创造的；3、资源的稀缺性和相对稀缺关系的变化，是产权制度安排和变迁的根本诱因；4、交易费用是产权制度安排和选择的主要约束条件；制度的安排和变迁，主要是在交易费用约束下进行效用最大化选择的结果；“存在的都是有效的”；5、与资源的相对稀缺关系相适应的产权制度安排，易于实现资源的优化配置；而不相适应的安排，会使经济陷入低努力均衡，交易成本更高。所以，产权制度安排的一般原则是：a．产权界定明确；b．产权可以自由转让；c．产权结构与资源的相对稀缺关系相适应。6、政府也是一种团队生产型的合约组织。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main task of the paper was to study and explain the economic mechanism of the property-rights institutions’ emergence, existence and changes with the methods of Neoinstitutional Economics Paradigm and value analysis.First, the general logical prerequisites and conditions of property rights’ emerging and existing were analyzed. Then, we made a thorough analysis of the connotations and relationship of ownership and property rights, and the functional structure of property rights.In the further analysis of property rights, we had to study the value theory. So we analyzed the value theories critically, reexpounded and reestablished the labor value theory ,and established a new theory frame of value and price analysis. The new value theory was applied to the normal analysis of property rights in the follow parts.Based new value theory, the thesis analyzed the property-rights attributes and economic foundations of five legal forms of property institutions, and made a long inquiry of the long term tendency and welfare of the production development in different legal institutions. Then, we studied the conditions, causes and the influences to resources allocation of private ownership’s establishment and existing, and the structure and change of the functions and income of labors and owners in the system of private ownership.The paper founded a theory of labor force property rights systematically. The structural features of property rights, transaction-cost restriction and efficiency of several contractual organizations were studied concretely.In the last two chapters, we made a general analysis of the causes and ways of property-rights changes, and summarized the scarcity principle and the choice theory on the arrangement and changes of property rights, Finally, we put forward a study framework on the history of property rights.The general viewpoints and propositions that we tried to establish or expound in the thesis: (1)As a basic economics category, property rights is the developing form of ownership; income right is the basic function of property rights; (2)For the normal analysis of property right, value theory is necessary; the commodity value is produced by workers’ labor and the solidified labor I(C1); (3)Scarcity and the change of relative scarcity are basic causes of the arrangements and changes of property-rights institutions; (4)Transaction cost is the major restriction during distributing and changing property rights; Institutional arrangement and changes are mainly the result of utility-maximizing choice under the restriction of transaction costs. "No efficiency, no existence". (5)The property-rights institutions allocation that is suited to the relationship of resources’ relative scarcity, will promote the optimal allocation of resources; The not suitable distributions of property rights will make economy get into low effort equilibrium, transaction costs increase; So, the general principle of institutional arrangements is: (1) distributing property rights distinctly; (2) transferring property rights freely; (3)the structure of property rights is suited to relative scarcity. (6)A government is a kind of contractual organization for team production.更多还原